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Title: THERMOCHEMISTRY
Description: MINDMAP SUMMARY FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDY NOTES
Description: MINDMAP SUMMARY FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDY NOTES
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te mpe ra ture
p re ssure
the e ne rg y of motion
m a g nitude of e ntha lpy cha ng e is de pe nde nt on
Ek incre a se s a s spe e d incre a se s
sta te
k ine tic e ne rg y
d e pe nds on ma ss a nd spe e d of the obje ct
Ek incre a se s with incre a se in ma ss
its pure form a t 1 a tm a nd the te mpe ra ture of
inte re st
Ek = 1/2(mv ^2)
sta nda rd sta te of a substa nce
llows compa risons of diffe re nt re a ctions with
a
d iffe re nt sta te s
KINETIC ENERGY AND POTENTIAL ENERGY
e ne rg y posse sse d by v irtue of its position
re la tiv e to othe r obje cts (store d e ne rg y )
e ntha lpy cha ng e whe n a ll the re a cta nts a nd
p roducts a re in the ir sta nda rd sta te s
E[e l]
p ote ntia l e ne rg y
sta nda rd e ntha lpy cha ng e
E NTHALPI ES OF FORMATI ON
e le ctrosta tic pote ntia l e ne rg y
c ha ng e in e ntha lpy for the re a ction tha t forms
o ne mole of the compound from its e le me nts
with a ll substa nce s in the ir sta nda rd sta te s
p ote ntia l e ne rg y a rising from the inte ra ctions
b e twe e n cha rg e d pa rticle s
sta nda rd e ntha lpy of forma tion
[e l] is dire ctly proportiona l to the e le ctrica l
E
cha rg e s on the two inte ra cting obje cts
[e l] is indire ctly proportiona l to the dista nce
E
se pa ra ting the m
K = proportiona lity consta nt
t he sta nda rd e ntha lpy of forma tion of the most
sta ble form of a ny e le me nt is ze ro
E[e l] = (KQ1Q2)/d
8
...
184 J
n utritiona l e ne rg y unit
Ca lorie (Ca l)
1 Ca l = 1 k ca l
a nd m = stoichiome tric coe fficie nts of the
n
re le v a nt cha mica l e qua tion
p ortion sing le d out for study
the sy ste m
e ntha lpie s of forma tion of re a cta nts
re a cta nts a nd products of a che mica l re a ction
roducts)
p
d iv ision of the univ e rse
e v e ry thing e x ce pt the sy ste m
E NERGY
sig ma >n
<
e ntha lpie s of forma tion of products
the surrounding s
i n a che mica l la b = conta ine r a nd e v e ry thing
b e y ond it
m a tte r is e x cha ng e d with the surrounding s
i f a re a ction is ca rrie d out in a se rie s of ste ps,
the cha ng e in e ntha lpy for the ov e ra ll re a ction
e qua ls the sum of the e ntha lpy cha ng e s for the
indiv idua l ste ps
S YSTEM AND SURROUNDINGS
o pe n
e ne rg y is e x cha ng e d with the surrounding s
HESS'S LAW
e g
Title: THERMOCHEMISTRY
Description: MINDMAP SUMMARY FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDY NOTES
Description: MINDMAP SUMMARY FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDY NOTES