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Title: Mitochondria + Peroxisomes
Description: A brief overview of the structure of mitochondria, peroxisomes and Beriberi disease. This is aimed at 1st year biomedical science students, however, can be useful to 1st year medics as well.
Description: A brief overview of the structure of mitochondria, peroxisomes and Beriberi disease. This is aimed at 1st year biomedical science students, however, can be useful to 1st year medics as well.
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Mitochondria + Peroxisomes
Monday, 15 October 2018
11:21
Mitochondria are present in all eukaryotic cells
...
Inner membrane forms into folds that
project into the interior of the organelle
...
In some cells, they stay fixed in one location, where they supply ATP directly to a
site with high energy consumption (e
...
heart muscle cell - near contractile
apparatus)
...
Mitochondria contains an outer membrane, inner membrane and 2 internal
compartments
2 highly specialized membranes create 2 internal compartments: MATRIX and
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
...
Inner membrane is impermeable to the
passage of ions and most small molecules (expect where a path is provided by
specific membrane transport proteins)
...
AGA & AGG
= arginine but stop codon in mitochondria)
and 50 proteins
- Other mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, translated in the
cytoplasm & imported into mitochondria
- Mitochondrial genetic code differs from standard nuclear code (UGA is a
stop codon in nucleus but codes for tryptophan in mitochondria
...
They began to live in what is called 'symbiotic relationships'
...
An endosymbiont is
one organism that lives inside of another one
...
They were prokaryotes
that ended up inside other cells (host cells)
...
Instead of being killed/digested,
they SURVIVED
...
- Thermogenesis -- generation of heat
- Mitochondria play an important role during apoptosis
- Mitochondria is localised near sites of high ATP utilisation (e
...
cardiac
muscle, sperm tail)
Beriberi disease:
- Caused by dietary deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1)
- Thiamine pyrophosphate is a prosthetic group for 2 mitochondrial enzymes
(pyruvate dehydrogenase & alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase)
- Patients suffering from beriberi have higher than normal serum levels of
the enzyme substrates (pyruvate & alpha-ketoglutarate)
- Damage to peripheral nervous system
- Pain in limbs
- Weakness of the musculature
- Distorted skin sensation
- Heart may be enlarged & cardiac output inadequate
Peroxisomes
- Have a single membrane
- Have a crystalloid core
- Distorted skin sensation
- Heart may be enlarged & cardiac output inadequate
Peroxisomes
- Have a single membrane
- Have a crystalloid core
- Extremely rich & highly concentrated enzymes that carry out specific
aspects of oxidative reactions
- High concentrations of the proteins can form crystals
Peroxisome biogenesis
- Peroxisomes derive from precursor vesicles that pinch off from ER
- Transmembrane proteins have been synthesised on ER membrane, similar
to secretory proteins
- Proteins find inside peroxisome: synthesised in cytoplasm and imported
into the peroxisome
- Many diseases associated with peroxisome disfunction (usually concerning
import of the proteins into peroxisome)
- Peroxisome can grow and divide by fission
- Approximately 0
...
E
...
Cholesterol, plasmalogens, bile acids
- Break down of excess purines (AMP, GMP) to uric acid
Title: Mitochondria + Peroxisomes
Description: A brief overview of the structure of mitochondria, peroxisomes and Beriberi disease. This is aimed at 1st year biomedical science students, however, can be useful to 1st year medics as well.
Description: A brief overview of the structure of mitochondria, peroxisomes and Beriberi disease. This is aimed at 1st year biomedical science students, however, can be useful to 1st year medics as well.