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Title: Nutrition Human Biology
Description: Detailed notes on Human Nutrition at the level of 2nd year dentistry.
Description: Detailed notes on Human Nutrition at the level of 2nd year dentistry.
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30 & 31
Nutrition
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A balanced diet contains all components needed to maintain homeostasis:
– Substrates for energy generation
– Essential amino acids and fatty acids
– Minerals and vitamins
Must also include water to replace urine, feces, evaporation
A nutrient is any substance in food that the body can use to
– obtain energy,
– synthesize tissues, or
– regulate body processes
Macronutrients
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
Micronutrients
– Needed in small amounts
– Play central part in metabolism and in maintenance of tissue function
– Vitamins
– Minerals
Vitamins
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Act as:
– Hormones (Vit
...
E)
– Mediators of Cell signaling and regulators of cell and tissue growth &
differentiation
– Precursors for Enzyme cofactor biomolecules (Coenzymes)
Water Soluble: dissolve easily in water and is readily excreted from body
Fat Soluble: Absorbed through intestinal tract with help of lipids
30 & 31
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins
Do not form coenzymes
Precursors for coenzymes
Are not excreted in the urine; toxic in
excessive quantities
Are non-toxic; excess amounts are
excreted in the urine
Are stored extensively
Not stored extensively except vitamin
B12
Minerals
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A nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body is a
mineral
Title: Nutrition Human Biology
Description: Detailed notes on Human Nutrition at the level of 2nd year dentistry.
Description: Detailed notes on Human Nutrition at the level of 2nd year dentistry.