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Short Story
1
...
It aims at
producing one, single, vivid effect; it has to seize the
attention at the outset, and never relaxing, gather it
together more and more until the climax is reached
...
”- H G Wells
...
A short story is ‘a composition that requires from half an
hour to one or two hours in its completion’
...
3
...
Creative Writing
Fiction
• Stories not entirely
factual but at least
partially shaped, made up,
imagined
• Relates to real life but not
necessarily through
‘facts’
• Combines facts and
fiction
• Three functions: A)
pleasure B) Instruction C)
Move
Non Fiction
• Stories entirely factual
• Real life events (facts)
narrated imaginatively
• Strictly follows facts
• Ex
...
“A short story is , or should be a simple thing
...
The
limits of human capacity to attend closely, therefore, sets
the limit to it: it must explode and finish before interruption
occurs or fatigue sets in
...
2
...
– E A Poe
...
‘A short story can be anything that the author decides it
shall be’
...
• Concise: Information offered in the story is relevant
to the tale being told
...
• Usually, though not always built around one
character, place, idea, or act
...
•
Cont…
Moral:
• Three functions of Literature:
i)to please ii) to move iii) to teach
• Not indispensible
Conflict: a soul of the story
• Between good and evil
• Could be external or internal; physical or
psychological
• Between two persons, two ideas, two teams, …
...
PLOT
•The action that takes place in the story
...
In order to have a
result, we must have an initial event, or conflict
...
•Falling action and Conclusion
...
Short stories usually have properties like the following:
•Dramatic conflict
...
Source
of the problems which may or may not be overcome in the
climax
...
May be used to leave clues in the story to
lure readers to try to predict the ending
...
Draws readers to the work
...
Not merely a place, it includes the place
where, the time when, and social conditions under which
the story moves along
...
e
...
• In one form or another, setting is essential to the story
...
#3 CHARACTERS
• They must seem like living and feeling individuals in
order for us to feel strongly about them
• Characters may be symbolic, representative,
historical, biographical
• The number of characters should be less
• No detailed characterization (only important
aspects are covered)
Two types of characters
Round
• Made up of many
personality traits
• Complex
• More life-like &
believable
• Development or change
• Major characters
Flat
• A single personality
trait (remains same
throuh ought the story)
• Simple
• Less believable
• No development or
change
• Minor characters
A stock character: a fictional character that relies heavily
on cultural types of stereotypes for its personality, manner
of speech, and other characteristics
...
A small-town girl
FOUR METHODS OF PRESENTING A CHARACTER:
• •Actions or thoughts of the character
...
• •conversations of other characters about a third
character
...
This might be overt, or may
be implied
...
It does not have to
be tied up in a simple moral
...
Without a theme, the
story lacks meaning or purpose
...
In other stories, the theme may be a direct
refutation of a traditional theme