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Title: Triacylglycerols
Description: Detailed notes on Triacylglycerols at second year dentistry level
Description: Detailed notes on Triacylglycerols at second year dentistry level
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Dietary Triacylglycerols
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Hydrolysis occurs when chylomicrons encounter lipoprotein lipase anchored
in capillary walls
When Energy is in good supply: Converted back to Triacylglycerols for
storage in adipose tissue
When energy is in low supply: Fatty acid carbon atoms are activated then
oxidized as acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA generates energy via the citric acid cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation
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Stored Triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed to fatty acids
Free fatty acids and glycerols are released in bloodstream
These fatty acids travel in association with Albumins where they are
converted to Acetyl-CoA for energy generated
Glycerol from Triacylglycerols
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Glycerol produced from TAG
Hydrolysis is carried to
liver/kidneys
There it is converted to
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
and Dihydroxyacetone (DHAP)
DHAP enters
Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis
pathways
Linking lipid and carbohydrate
paths
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Fate of Dietary Triacylglycerols
TAGs undergo hydrolysis → Fatty Acids and Glycerol
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Fatty Acids Undergo:
– Resynthesis of triacylglycerols for storage
– Conversion to acetyl-CoA
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Glycerol→Glyceraldehyde & DHAP which participate in:
– Glycolysis
– Gluconeogenesis
– Triacylglycerol Synthesis (Energy storage)
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Acetyl-CoA participates in:
– Triacylglycerol synthesis
– Ketogenesis
– Synthesis of sterols and other lipids
– Krebs Cycle
– Electron Transport Chain
Storage and Metabolism of Triacylglycerols
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After a meal, blood glucose levels increase, insulin levels rise and glucagon
levels drop
Glucose enters cells, rate of glycolysis increases
Insulin activates the synthesis of triacylglycerols for storage
When digestion is finished, blood glucose levels return to normal
Insulin levels drop, Glucagon leves rise
Lower insulin and higher glucagon activate Tag Lipase (Enzyme that controls
hydrolysis of stored triacyglycerols)
When glycerol 2-phosphate is in short supply, fatty acids and glycerol
produced by hydrolysis of stored TAGs are released to bloodstream for
transport to energy generating cells
Otherwise, fatty acids and glycerol are cycled back into new Tags for storage
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Fatty Acid synthesis and catabolism are similar in that they both proceed 2
Carbo atoms at a time and in that they are both recursive, spiral pathways
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Title: Triacylglycerols
Description: Detailed notes on Triacylglycerols at second year dentistry level
Description: Detailed notes on Triacylglycerols at second year dentistry level