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UNIT 1 WHY BIOLOGY:

7 characteristics of living things:
1
...
Respond to stimuli
3
...
Acquire and use energy, and materials
5
...
Reproduce, use DNA
7
...
Evolution: organisms change through time & all living organisms today have descended from
earlier ancestors
...
That all phenomena in bio conform to or follow the laws of chemistry and physics
3
...
DNA is the genetic molecule that controls life
What is the scientific method:
- A technique that scientist use to ask questions to get answers
List in order, the 5 steps involved:
1
...
Develop hypothesis
3
...
Draw conclusions
5
...
Bacteria (prokaryotic)
2
...
Eukarya (eukaryotic)

UNIT 2 DIVERSITY:

Define taxonomy: The science of naming and classifying
organisms
Binomial nomenclature: Unique two part name

● Biologist use scientific names instead of common names to
give standardization so we know what species is being
studied
Classification group:
Domain- kingdom- phylum- class -order- family- genus- species
Why aren't viruses and prions classified into any domain or
kingdom:
- Viruses are not composed of cells and do not have normal
cell structure
- Viruses can only perform life processes when they are
attacking a living cell
Four major groups of the domain eukarya:
Group/Kingdom
Characteristics
Examples
Protista

Unicellular
Amoeba, Euglena,
Many organelles paramecium
Nucleated

Fungi

Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Has cell walls
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Has cell walls

Plantae

Animalia Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No cell walls

Mushroom, Molds, Yeast

Tree, Flower, Fern

Sponges, Insects, Fish,
Birds, Humans

Domain/Kingdom
Characteristics
Archaea Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Either (hetero/Auto)
Bacteria Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Either (hetero/Auto)

Protists: Main types:
1
...
The unicellular (plant like)
3
...
Matter

2
...
0 to 7
...
0 (generally soapy)
Definition
Location

Buffers Substance that prevents
marked changes in the PH of
a system

Bloodstream

Organic VS Inorganic:
Contains carbon & hydrogen ---> Does Not contain carbon &
hydrogen
Carbohydrates:
Term/definition
Example:
​
​

​

Monosaccharides/Single Sugar carbs, sugar, starch
Disaccharides/Two Sugars

Lactose, Table sugar

Polysaccharides/Many Sugars

grains, bread, cereal

UNIT 4 THE CELL:
The fluid mosaic model:
describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —
including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the
membrane a fluid character
...
Glycolysis (located in cytoplasm)
2
...
The electron transport chain (located on mitochondria)
Stage when most ATP is generated: Electron transport chain
Aerobic Reactions: Requires oxygen to occur (located in the
mitochondrion)
Anaerobic Reactions: Does NOT require oxygen to occur
How Fermentation Differs: Occurs when oxygen is available



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