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The Structure of the Eye
Cornea:
 Transparent
 Convex-shaped
 Protects eye
 Focus light ray onto the retina
Aqueous Humour:
 Maintains shape of eye
 Provides nutrients and O2
 Carries waste away
Pupil:
 Opening in Iris (black)
Iris:
 Ring of muscles (coloured)
Changes size of pupil to regulate amount of light entering eye
 Dim light (pupil expands) to allow more light to enter eye
 Bright light (pupil contracts) to restrict amount of light entering eye
Lens:
 Transparent
 Flexible
 Convex structure
 Focuses light onto retina
 Lens shape changes when distance of the object being viewed changes
Ciliary Muscles:
 Attached to each end of lens
 Contact and relax enabling lens to automatically bulge (muscles contract) to focus near objects
onto retina, and flatten (muscles relax) to focus distant objects onto retina
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Straight behind the eye
Blind Spot:
 Optic nerve interrupts the retina
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 Structures include:
o Eye
o Receptors and Photoreceptors
o Nerve pathways

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o Visual cortex
Occurs in two phases:
o Visual sensation (sensory perspective)
o Visual perception (physical perspective)

Visual Sensations
 Process that enables us to receive light from the environment and convert it into a form that
the brain can interpret
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o Is both a physiological and sensory process
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 Example:
o Allows us to recognise the face in the mirror
o Enables you to evaluate whether we look happy or sad
 Is both physiological and psychological
 Both physiological and psychological process are involves in us assigning meaning and
organisation to visual stimuli

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