Notesale: Turn your study into money

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GENERATION OF ELETRICITY IN SOUTH AFRICA
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The steam is coordinated onto the edges of a turbine to
create it pivot
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Once the steam has passed through the turbines, it must be cooled and condensed
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Within the kettle it’ll be turned into steam once more
and will restart the cycle
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This
spares time and cash and makes difference keep the fetched of power down
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The gravitational potential vitality
of water from the water or dam , due to its tallness over the turbine , is to begin
with changed over into active vitality (due to development of the water down
towards the turbines) and at that point changed over into electricity energy
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Once it is drive has been utilized to create the power
the water is channelled back into the stream underneath the control station
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3 PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMES
Pumped capacity hydroelectric control stations are utilized in ranges with lacking
water supplies
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When there id a request
for power , water streams from the upper dam turning the turbines within the
control station to produce power
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4 ELECTRICITY FROM GAS
In Eskom gas turbine control stations, a fuel/air bled is touched off to create a hot
tall speed gas
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Where accessible ,characteristics gas can be utilized as elective to fluid
powers such as diesel or lamp fuel
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5 ELECTRICITY FROM THE ATOM
Within the case of atomic control stations water is warmed not by burning a coal ,
but by the warm discharged in atomic response
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This is done by
agent of a car causes the car to speed up or moderate down
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The warm from the essential circuit is
exchanged to a partitioned auxiliary circuit where water is turned into a steam
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The steam is at
that point condensed and returned for reuse
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1 What is Electricity charge (TERIFF)
Is the rate at which an electricity energy is sold by the supplier to various types of
consumers
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The cost of power can be obtained from the cost of
production of a commodity or a units
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Watt is the unity of power
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Types of electric charge
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Simple tariff
Flat rate Tariff
Block Meter Tariff
Two part Tariff
Maximum Tariff
Power factor Tariff
Three Factor Tariff

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1 Simple Tariff
In this type of tariff a fixed rate is applied for each unit of the energy consumed
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Energy cost is constant for a particular time
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Annual fixed charges and annual running charges are known

COST Per Unit=

𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔+𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕

Advantages of using simple tariff
• Simple method
• Easily understandable and to apply
• Each consumer has a pay accordingly to his/her utilization
Disadvantages of simple tariff
• The cost per unit Is high
• There are not incentive
• There is no discrimination according to the different type of consumers

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2 FLAT RATE TARIFF
In this type of tariff ,one consumers is charged at different rate of cost compere to
another consumer
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Then each
group is charged at fixed rate differently to other groups
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On this type of
tariff the cost of power consumption depends only on maximum demand of load It
used on street light ,irrigation Sign light because the time period is unknown , The
load factor and the diversity factor are considered

Diversity factor =

𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓

Load factor

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅

=

𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅∗𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟎

ADVANTAGES OF THE FLATT RATE TARIFF
• Transparency , it is transparent and easy for customers to understand
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It is faire if the consumers that utilize more
energy be charge at lower fixed rate

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3BLOCK METER RATE TARIFF
In this type of tariff , consumption of energy is divided into blocks
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The prices of the blocks is arranged in the decreasing order ,
the first block has a highest cost , as it goes on ,it decrease accordingly
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4 TWO PART TARIFF
When the rate of electricity energy is charged on the basis of maximum demand of
the consumers and the units consumed it is called part tariff

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