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Title: EU Enlargement
Description: The history of the enlargement of the European Union.
Description: The history of the enlargement of the European Union.
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EU Enlargement 6 to 28: Why? Who? How?
EU Enlargement: Aims
• Zone of peace, stability & prosperity – countries can negotiate with each other, work
together for mutual benefit
• Boost economic growth & create jobs – economy in Europe led to extremist states,
fascist states
...
o China is interested
...
g
...
Rationalist Perspective: Important for process of negotiating membership – costs & benefits
of membership
Membership benefits
• Political stability
• Strong market economy – production + prices based on supply & demand (not
determined by gov)
• Network of strong states that collaborate for mutual benefit
• Funding – education funding, building of Tallaght Campus funded by EU
...
Phase 4
• 1993: Copenhagen criteria
o Single market completed
o ‘Four Freedoms’: movement of goods, services, people & money
• 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden
Phase 5 & 6
• 2004:
• 8 CCE [Central & eastern European states] – Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia & Slovenia
• Cyprus & Malta [Cyprus = insistence of Greece]
• 2007: Bulgaria, Romania
• 2012: European union awarded Nobel Peace Prize
•
•
Phase 6 – Western Balkans
2013: Croatia
Prospective Members
Candidate Counties
Country
Turkey
Macedonia
Montenegro
Albania
Serbia
Withdrawn Candidates
Iceland
Potential Candidates
BosniaHerzegovina
Application for Membership
1987
2004
2008
2009
2009
Candidate Status
1999
2005
2010
2014
2012
2009 Withdrew its application, 2013
2016
Turkey
•
•
•
•
•
Functioning market economy
But –
Record human rights
Large population – one of largest member states
Sensitive geographical
Enlargement: The Process
Treaty on the European Union
Any European country may apply for membership
1
...
Committed to promoting them
...
• Functioning market economy & capacity to cope with competition & market forces
EU
...
– new countries - want them to be open
to concept of adopting the euro
...
–
Western Balkans: additional conditions ‘Stabilization & Association process’, regional
cooperation & good neighborly regulations
...
•
Commission informs EU Council and European Parliament of candidates’ progress
(Reports/strategy papers)
...
Three stages of accession
Stage 1: when certain conditions met, country becomes an official candidate for
membership
...
Stage 3: completion of negotiations & accompanying reforms to the satisfaction of both
sides
...
Ministers and ambassadors of EU governments and the
candidate country
...
Concluding Negotiations
Unanimity
No negotiations on any chapter closed until every EU government agrees
...
Accession treaty
Contains details of:
Terms and conditions of membership
...
)
Norway rejected Treaty & Membership following Referendum in 1994
Title: EU Enlargement
Description: The history of the enlargement of the European Union.
Description: The history of the enlargement of the European Union.