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Title: Bachelors in Science
Description: I have very helpful notes for secondary level Higher level and for Bachelor's Medical students! U may contact me on WhatsApp 03042442792. It will make u learn easier.
Description: I have very helpful notes for secondary level Higher level and for Bachelor's Medical students! U may contact me on WhatsApp 03042442792. It will make u learn easier.
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SARI CRITICAL CARE TRAINING
SARI FACILITIES:
DESIGNING AND OPERATING A SARI TREATMENT CENTRE [STC]
MODULE 1: OVERVIEW OF BASIC OPERATIONAL AND
IPC PRINCIPLES IN COVID-19 CONTEXT
MARCH 2020
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Learning objectives
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
•
Describe the public health objectives at all stages of the preparedness and response
plan;
•
Identify ventilation and exhausted air treatment as IPC measures within a COVID19 context; and
•
Explain the different modes of transmission and apply a rational use of PPE
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Module: 1A
Module 1A
Public health objectives and strategic priorities by scenario
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Epidemic phases
Four transmission scenarios are observed:
Epidemic phases and response interventions
...
WHO, 2018
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Epidemic phases
Four transmission scenarios are observed:
• Countries with no cases (no cases);
Epidemic phases and response interventions
...
WHO, 2018
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Epidemic phases
Four transmission scenarios are observed:
• Countries with no cases (no cases);
• Countries with one or more cases, imported or locally acquired (sporadic cases);
Epidemic phases and response interventions
...
WHO, 2018
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Epidemic phases
Four transmission scenarios are observed:
• Countries with no cases (no cases);
• Countries with one or more cases, imported or locally acquired (sporadic cases);
• Countries experiencing clusters of cases in time, geographic location, or common exposure (clusters of cases);
Epidemic phases and response interventions
...
WHO, 2018
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Epidemic phases
Four transmission scenarios are observed:
• Countries with no cases (no cases);
• Countries with one or more cases, imported or locally acquired (sporadic cases);
• Countries experiencing clusters of cases in time, geographic location, or common exposure (clusters of cases);
• Countries experiencing larger outbreaks of local transmission (community transmission)
...
Managing epidemics: Key facts about major
deadly diseases
...
Set up screening and triage
...
Set up COVID-19 designated wards in
health facilities
...
Managing epidemics: Key facts about major
deadly diseases
...
Set up screening and triage
...
Set up COVID-19 designated wards in
health facilities
...
COVID-19 designated treatment area
...
Managing epidemics: Key facts about major
deadly diseases
...
Set up screening and triage
...
Set up COVID-19 designated wards in
health facilities
...
COVID-19 designated treatment area
...
Repurpose existing buildings
...
Community facilities
...
Managing epidemics: Key facts about major
deadly diseases
...
Set up screening and triage
...
Set up COVID-19 designated wards in
health facilities
...
COVID-19 designated treatment area
...
Repurpose existing buildings
...
Community facilities
...
New COVID-19 facilities
...
Managing epidemics: Key facts about major
deadly diseases
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Community facilities
Where health facilities can no longer manage patients
with mild or moderate disease, isolate patients who
are not at high risk for severe disease (< 60 years of
age, no co-morbid diseases) either in community
facilities (e
...
stadium, gymnasium, hotel or tent)
with access to rapid health advice (i
...
via adjacent
dedicated COVID-19 health post, telemedicine) or at
home according to WHO guidance
...
who
...
Planning for surge capacity should allow for progressive scale-up of activities
over several stages, with clearly defined activation thresholds for each stage
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Module: 1B
Module 1B
Ventilation and exhausted air treatment as IPC measures
within a COVID-19 context
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Ventilation
The purpose of ventilation is to provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the pollutants
originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it
...
Atkinson, J
...
, Pessoa-silva, C
...
, Jensen, P
...
Natural Ventilation for
Infection Control in Health-Care Settings Edited by : WHO Publ
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Ventilation
There are three methods that may be used to ventilate a building:
Natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
Hybrid ventilation
Natural forces (e
...
winds) drive
Mechanical fans drive mechanical
Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation
outdoor air through the building
ventilation
...
It uses mechanical
trickle ventilators
...
ventilation flow rate is too low
...
, Chartier, Y
...
L
...
& Li, Y
...
(2009)
...
Area or service
Proposed ventilation
Proposed exhausted
Staff area
Triage
Waiting room
Sampling room
system
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation
air treatment
Dilution
Dilution
Dilution
Dilution
Mild and Moderate cases ward
Severe and critical cases ward
Hybrid ventilation
Natural ventilation
Hybrid ventilation
HEPA filter
Dilution
Dilution
Mechanical ventilation
HEPA filter
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation
Dilution
Dilution
Waste zone
Morgue
Atkinson, J
...
, Pessoa-silva, C
...
, Jensen, P
...
Natural Ventilation for Infection Control
in Health-Care Settings Edited by : WHO Publ
...
[1]
For a safe dilution the air should be exhausted directly to the outside away from air-intake vents, persons, and animals
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Ventilation – Hybrid ventilation
Top-down ventilation (fan-assisted
stack plus a wind tower)
The air extractor will easily allow for
control of the ventilation rate,
meeting the ACH standard required
and assuring a constant
unidirectional top-down airflow
...
For the this reason, it is essential
that air extractor is turned on
whenever the room is occupied
...
It’s essential to exhaust air away from air-intake vents, persons, and
animals
...
97%) of the droplet nuclei
...
centre for Disease Control and Prevention
...
(2017)
...
It is an
acronym
for
"high
Wind tower
efficiency
particulate air [filter]"
...
97% of dust,
pollen, mold, bacteria, and any
Extraction fan
airborne particles with a size of
0
...
HEPA filter
CDC
...
Chapter 7-Tuberculosis Infection Control
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Exhausted air treatment – portable HEPA
In order to simplify the installation,
reducing the construction time and
assuring
proper
air
Wind tower
treatment,
facilities may benefit from the use of
a portable HEPA filter unit equipped
with the proper fittings/ducting to
exhaust air from a selected room to
create the required ventilation flow
rate and exhausted air treatment as
well
...
centre for Disease Control and Prevention
...
(2017)
...
Wind turbines
UVGI is not recommended as standalone system but only as complementary
to
HEPA
filtration
recirculation
...
G
...
Public Health
Reports vol
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Module: 1C
Module 1C
Modes of transmission and rational use of PPE
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Modes of transmission
For
infection
to
spread,
all links must be connected
...
http://ottawapublichealth
...
and
...
of
...
aspx
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Modes of transmission
Direct Vertical
An infectious agent may be transmitted
from its natural reservoir to a susceptible
host
in
different
ways
...
Indirect
contaminated
contact
inanimate
intermediate
object,
usually
By inhalation of infective small particles (< 5 µ)
Airborne
which once dispersed remain suspended in the air
...
g
...
secretions or blood from infected patients
Vehicle
Water borne
Transmission through contaminated water
Food borne
Transmission through contaminated food
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Modes of transmission
Direct Vertical
Mother to child
Direct
Transmission
contact
Direct Horizontal
Direct physical transfer between one susceptible
Transmission
host and an infected/colonized person
Contact
Personal contact between a susceptible host and a
COVID-19
Indirect
contaminated
contact
inanimate
intermediate
object,
usually
By inhalation of infective small particles (< 5 µ)
Airborne
which once dispersed remain suspended in the air
...
g
...
By inhalation of infective large particles via close
Droplet
contact with an infected patient sneezing or
coughing
Contact (e
...
stings, bites) with insects, arthropods
Vector
and other parasites contaminated by excreta,
secretions or blood from infected patients
Vehicle
Water borne
Transmission through contaminated water
Food borne
Transmission through contaminated food
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Modes of transmission
Direct Vertical
Mother to child
Direct
Transmission
contact
Direct Horizontal
Direct physical transfer between one susceptible
Transmission
host and an infected/colonized person
Contact
Personal contact between a susceptible host and a
COVID-19
Indirect
contaminated
contact
inanimate
intermediate
object,
usually
By inhalation of infective small particles (< 5 µ)
Airborne
which once dispersed remain suspended in the air
...
g
...
secretions or blood from infected patients
Vehicle
Water borne
Transmission through contaminated water
Food borne
Transmission through contaminated food
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Rational use of PPE
• Use physical barriers to reduce exposure to the virus, such as glass or
plastic windows
...
Katwa ETC, North Kivu, D
...
Congo, 2019
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Rational use of PPE
• Use physical barriers to reduce exposure to the virus, such as glass or
plastic windows
...
• Restrict healthcare workers from entering the rooms of SARI patients if
they are not involved in direct care
...
g
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
26 March 2020
Bibliography
• World Health Organization(WHO)
...
WHO Guidel
...
• World Health Organization
...
1–3 (2020)
...
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care
...
• Michigan Occupational Safety & Health
...
(2017)
...
Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus ( nCoV ) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts
...
• World Health Organization
...
12 (2020)
...
B
...
Front
...
Eng
...
3389/fmech
...
00004
...
, Chartier, Y
...
L
...
& Li, Y
...
(2009)
...
centre for Disease Control and Prevention
...
(2017)
...
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation handbook: UVGI for air and surface disinfection
...
• Tseng, C
...
& Li, C
...
Inactivation of virus-containing aerosols by ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
...
Technol
...
• Welch, D
...
Far-UVC light : A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases
...
Rep
...
1038/s41598-018-21058-w
...
Inactivation of three emerging viruses – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus , Crimean – Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and Nipah virus – in platelet concentrates by
ultraviolet C light and in plasma by methylene blue plus visible light
...
- Int
...
Blood Transfus
...
1111/vox
...
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
26 March 2020
Thank you
Luca Fontana – WHO - WASH/IPC Highly Infectious Pathogens Expert
Anna Silenzi – WHO - Architect
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
programme
Title: Bachelors in Science
Description: I have very helpful notes for secondary level Higher level and for Bachelor's Medical students! U may contact me on WhatsApp 03042442792. It will make u learn easier.
Description: I have very helpful notes for secondary level Higher level and for Bachelor's Medical students! U may contact me on WhatsApp 03042442792. It will make u learn easier.