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Title: General Biology: Animal Diversity & Evolution
Description: Achieved an A(+) in the General Biology course. This study guide contains notes for the topic of Animal Evolution & Diversity.
Description: Achieved an A(+) in the General Biology course. This study guide contains notes for the topic of Animal Evolution & Diversity.
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General Biology: Ecology & Physiology
Animal Evolution & Diversity
Intro to Animals
● Emergence of animals (Cambrian Explosion)
550 million years ago
● Animals share key traits:
1) Multicellular eukaryotes w/ no cell walls but w/ extracellular matrix (ECM)
2) Heterotrophs (don’t make their own sugar)
3) Mobility / muscle movement
4) Neuron signals (except sponges)
● 30-35 phyla (major lineages)
Protostomes: embryonic development of “mouth-first”
Deuterostomes: embryonic development of “anus-first”
Radial Symmetry: 2+ planes of symmetry (sponges, ctenophores, cnidarians)
Bilateral Symmetry: 1 plane of symmetry (triploblasts)
Coelom
● A coelom is an enclosed, fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for oxygen and
nutrients to circulate ; protects organs
● Ectoderm: skin and nervous system
● Mesoderm: organs and muscles
● Endoderm: digestive system
● Coelomates have a true coelom completely lined w/ mesoderm
● Acoelomates have no coelom
● Pseudocoelomates have a coelom w/ the mesoderm only touching the ectoderm
Diploblasts have an ectoderm, endoderm and mesoglea (jelly-like substance)
Triploblasts have all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
Indirect Development
● Embryogenesis (development of a fertilized egg)
● Metamorphosis (transition from an immature organism form to an adult organism)
● Egg -> zygote -> larvae -> juvenile -> adult
The Water to Land Transition
● Protostomes needed new adaptations to transition from water to land, including:
1) Gas exchange
2) Mobility
3) Ability to not dry out on land
Intro to Protostomes
● 22/30 phyla are protostomes (Ex
Title: General Biology: Animal Diversity & Evolution
Description: Achieved an A(+) in the General Biology course. This study guide contains notes for the topic of Animal Evolution & Diversity.
Description: Achieved an A(+) in the General Biology course. This study guide contains notes for the topic of Animal Evolution & Diversity.