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Title: GCSE Biology 1.4 - Circulation
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
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The heart
•
made of muscle that contracts to pump blood around the body
Coronary vessels
•
supply the heart muscle with blood
Valves
•
prevent the backflow of blood
Arteries
•
•
•
•
•
contain blood flowing towards the
organs
have high pressure
have small lumens
have thick walls
do not contain valves
•
Veins
•
•
•
•
•
contain blood flowing towards the
heart
have low pressure
have large lumens
have thin walls
contain valves
•
Capillaries
•
•
•
very small blood vessels
have thin walls (an advantage for
diffusion)
form extensive networks so that every
cell is near to a capillary carrying
blood
•
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
high levels of fat in the diet
high levels of salt in the diet
high blood pressure
high blood cholesterol
smoking
genetic factors
a lack of exercise
Atheroma
•
plaque that causes the narrowing of a coronary artery
Statins
• a daily medication
+ controls blood cholesterol levels
− may cause side effects
Angioplasty
•
surgery to place a small balloon in a blood vessel that is inflated to remove a
blockage
+ improves blood flow (such as in coronary vessels)
− sometimes only a temporary remedy
Changes to diet/lifestyle
• include stopping smoking, taking up regular exercise and eating more healthy food
+ reduce risk and lower high blood pressure
− need a high level of self-discipline to maintain these long-term changes
Title: GCSE Biology 1.4 - Circulation
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A.) This is one of six topics in the unit.