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Oil & Gas
Industry
Terminology
Barrel : The basic unit for
measuring oil
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S
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be closed around the drill pipe, or
which completely closes the top of
the casing
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Bits are designed on two
basic and different principles
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The rotary bit
revolves to grind
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e
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Blow Out Preventer : A heavy
casing head control, filled with
special gates or rams, which can

BTU : British Thermal Unit, a
generalized measure of heating
value, also used to compare energy
potential in different types of
fuels
...
It is also referred to as natural
gasoline and distillate
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Correlative Rights Theory : The
theory adopted by the courts in
several states that all landowners
whose tracts overlay a producing
formation have correlative rights
in the formation
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Casing head Gas : Gas produced
with oil in oil wells
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Catalytic Cracking : A refining
process for breaking down large,
complex hydrocarbon molecules
into smaller ones
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Christmas Tree : The assembly of
valves, pipes and fittings used to
control the flow of oil and gas
from the casing head
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Crude
oil varies radically in its
properties, such as specific gravity
and viscosity
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Distillate Fuel Oils : Fuel oils
which are products of distillation
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productive of oil or gas in paying
quantities
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Enhanced Recovery : The
increased recovery from an oil
pool achieved by artificial means
or by the application of outside
energy sources to the pool
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Downstream
operations commonly include
refining and marketing endeavors
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Dry Gas: Natural gas which does
not contain dissolved liquid
hydrocarbons
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The
energy content of six thousand
cubic feet of gas (6 MCF) is the
rough equivalent of one barrel of
oil
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Exploration operations
include aerial surveys, geophysical
surveys, geological studies, core
testing and the drilling of test
(wildcat) wells
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Gusher: An oil well that comes in
with such great pressure that oil
flows out of the well head into the
air
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Horizontal Drilling : A method of
drilling where the drill bit is
turned in a horizontal direction in
an effort to produce hydrocarbons
from a number of areas located at
the same approximate depth
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An
independent will not be involved
in the refining of oil
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Injection wells
are employed for the disposal of
produced water from oil and gas
wells
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These companies are
also referred to as major oil
companies
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LNG : Liquefied natural gas
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MCF : Thousand Cubic Feet
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Natural
Gas:
Hydrocarbons,
which at atmospheric conditions
of temperatures and pressure, are
in a gaseous phase
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OCS : The Outer Continental
Shelf
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Oil Field : An area which is
underlain by one or more
reservoirs containing oil
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Overboard Water : Another
name for produced water or brine
produced from oil and gas wells
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Plugging of Well : The sealing off
of the fluids in the stratum
penetrated by a well so that the
fluid from one stratum will not
escape into another or to the
surface
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Processing Plant : A plant to
remove liquefiable hydrocarbons
from wet gas or casinghead gas
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Produced Water : Water that
comes up a well with the oil and

gas
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It is often the
force that drives the oil and gas to
the surface
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Also referred
to as overboard water, formation
water, saltwater and oilfield brine
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In Louisiana
the proration of natural gas is
allowed to prevent physical and
economic waste and to protect
correlative rights
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Quad : A quadrillion of BTU's
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A barrel of crude oil
contains 5
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Natural gas contains about one
million BTU's per MCF
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May
involve
reperforating, running
other
tubulars or setting a new packer
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Footage drilled for the
second hole is defined as "redrill
footage
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The second
hole is reported as an oil well, gas
well, or dry hole according to the
result
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Refinery : The facility where the
characteristics of petroleum or
petroleum products are changed
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Three types of
reservoirs
are
encountered
including
structural
traps,
stratigraphic
traps
and
combination traps
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Roughneck : A driller's helper
and general worker on a drilling
rig
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Royalty : The landowner's share
of production, before the expenses
of production
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The tax can be levied
either as a tax on volume or a tax
on value
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5 percent of value
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Shut In :
To close down a
producing well temporarily for
repairs, cleaning out, building up
reservoir pressure, lack of market,
etc
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Specific Gravity : In the case of
liquids, the ratio between the
weight of equal volumes of water
and another substance, measured
at standard temperature and
where the weight of the water is

assigned a value of 1
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Spudding In : The first boring of
the hole in the drilling of an oil
well
...
This stage is
characterized by low rates of
production, sometimes no more
than a barrel of oil per day
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Instead of a stationary
platform attached to the ocean
floor, the surface platform is
tethered to a templet on the ocean
floor by flexible steel tendons
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This normally
includes
exploration
and
production activities
...


Wellhead : A term usually defined
as being at the Christmas Tree
but, which under exceptional
circumstances, may be defined as
located at some other place
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Wellhead revenues are calculated,
based on the production volumes
of crude oil and natural gas,
multiplied by their respective
average wellhead price
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Wildcat Well : An exploratory
well being drilled in unproven
territory, that is, in a horizon from
which there is no production in
the general area
...
A typical
work over is cleaning out a well
that has sanded up

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