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Globalising world
Key themes:
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Interconnectedness
Movement
Resources
Inequality
Power
Change/dynamisism

Geography has always taken a global approach
-

Exploration, cartography
Development – first/third world, global north/south
Environmentalism – climate change

Geography is about
-

The global – worldwise-an understanding of the world, how the globe connects – migration
The local – distinctive characteristics of particular places: everywhere is not the same

Definition of globalisation: The economic, political, social and cultural processes whereby:
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The globe itself comes to be a recognisable geographical entity
Places across the globe are increasingly interconnected
Social relations and economic transactions increasingly occur at the intercontinental scale

Global compression
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Time-space compression
Shortening of time
Shrinking of space
Quicker to get around the world due to better transport etc
...

Inequality is on the rise – not being eroded

Life expectancy is double (around 80) in Sweden than in Zimbabwe (around 42)

Aspects of globalisation: economic
-

“Intensification of global connectedness”
Need new markets – whether they are ethical or not
Penetration of global capitalism around the world

Internationalisation of production
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Detachment of production from other business activities
Labour is expensive so it is reduced by using labour from other countries
Businesses are spread out – used to be every department together – now tasks are spread
out and outsourced
Global outsourcing or “offshoring”
Search for low wage areas
International division of labour

Two sides:
Positive
-

Providing employment and wages
Investment in developing countries: key to wealth creation
Integration into global economy: entry point

Negative
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Exploitation
Perpetuating in equality

UK government approach
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Eliminating world poverty: making globalisation war for the poor (department for
international development 2000a)
Globalisation linked to modernism
Globalisation as development

Clean clothing campaign

Globalisation is not new!
-

Imperialism
The transnational corporations – exploiting certain countries

Neo-imperialism
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Disguised form of imperialism
“imperialism without colonies” (Magdoff 2003)
Independent countries continue to dominate be dominated by western
organisations/governments (markets for goods or raw materials
Western multinationals – outsourcing, global shift manufacturing/global shift in service
sector
Trade protection
Military intervention to protect trade (indirectly)



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