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Title: Second chapter IGCSE contains Experimental Techniques
Description: This is the second chapter required by the IGCSE co-ordinated science syllabus. It includes detailed explantions and diagrams of experimental techniques such as fractional distillation, evaporation, paper chromatography... I hope it helps you in your studies.
Description: This is the second chapter required by the IGCSE co-ordinated science syllabus. It includes detailed explantions and diagrams of experimental techniques such as fractional distillation, evaporation, paper chromatography... I hope it helps you in your studies.
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Chapter 2
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Temperature: Is measured with a thermometer
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Volume: Is measured with burettes, to measure differences in volume,
pipettes and measuring cylinders
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The simplest way of checking the purity of solids and liquids
is by using heat until they boil or melt
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An impure liquid will have a higher boiling
point than a pure solvent
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E
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A black ink is a mixture of many different colour inks
we can use paper chromatography to separate them
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Depending on the distance travelled of each substance, and the solvent
used we know which substance is which
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Rf= distance travelled by a substance / distance travelled by solvent
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Filtration: We use filtration to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
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Evaporation: Is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
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If its faster,
smaller crystals are made
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Simple distillation: We use it to separate a soluble solid from a liquid and
having back the liquid
...
It
condenses back into a liquid as it passes by the condenser
...
The mixture is boiled and the
liquid with the lowest boiling point turns to gas
...
Title: Second chapter IGCSE contains Experimental Techniques
Description: This is the second chapter required by the IGCSE co-ordinated science syllabus. It includes detailed explantions and diagrams of experimental techniques such as fractional distillation, evaporation, paper chromatography... I hope it helps you in your studies.
Description: This is the second chapter required by the IGCSE co-ordinated science syllabus. It includes detailed explantions and diagrams of experimental techniques such as fractional distillation, evaporation, paper chromatography... I hope it helps you in your studies.