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INTRODUCTIONGlobalization is doing business across national boundaries and while
going global various factors are involved and one of them is culture
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The values of people of two different country
are compared below
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Culture is the man-made part of the environment
(Herskovits,1948,p17)
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ANSWER-1
The word globalization can be defined as a widely used term to
describe different variety of social, economical, cultural, political and
cultural changes taking place all over the world ( Shalmali
Guttal,2007)
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Shalmali argue that globalization is hegemonic and antagonistic to
economies ( local national and international)
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Globalization is a result of two factors-1
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Capital expansion which facilitates the integration
of local, national as well as international activities
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Now the goods which we are using in our daily

lives are produced far away from us even in different country
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US shoe Nike was used by Saudi Arabian customer
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For example which was explained
in the class According to Hand Rosling the greatest invention of
industrial revolution is the case of washing machine
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He argue that technology is not reaching in all the parts of
the world like in geographically dispersed areas
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ANSWER-3
 Culture refers to the things in the life of an individual like
art, literature, philosophy, music and religions sometimes
based on caste, beliefs, and the environment in which we
raised
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Anthropologists, claim culture as guiding conceptual
principal( culture and international business)
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L
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One of the author defined culture as “that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom,
and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society” (Edward Tylor 1871, 1)
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Thus, from the above explanation it is clear that

culture is made up of (1) material objects; (2) ideas, values,
and attitudes; and (3) normative, or expected, patterns of
behaviour
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Managing international business means handling both
national and organizational cultural differences both at the
same time
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Factors like
language, climate, environment and climate also important
while explaining culture like in terms of international
business a person from china went to work in USA but he
cannot able to communicate in English he only knows
Chinese to its became very difficult for him to survive in
USA
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For instance- individualism and collectivismIn USA people prefer to work individual(looseness and
complexity) while in japan people use to work
together(collectivism) tightness and simplicity
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For example, a Chinese American person might
eat hamburgers together with traditional Chinese
vegetables, might speak ‘Chinglish,’ and might mix in social
groups that include both Chinese and American friends
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ANSWER 4-

If we compare at the value, norms and culture of the Netherland and
South Africa it based on six power distance, individualism,
masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and
indulgence
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Power distance deals with the individual space of less
powerful people in the office or society
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South Africa score
49% and Netherland scores 38% which shows South Africa prefer to
work in hierarchical order where everyone stands equal
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Individualism- The degree of interdependence a
society/Organization maintains among its members
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The
percentage of individualism is 65% in South Africa while it is 80% in
Netherland which means that more in Netherland people have to do
their own work alone
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Masculinity- The fundamental issue
here is what motivates people(male and female) that what
they want and think, wanting to be the best (masculine) or
liking what you do (feminine)
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In masculine countries people
“live in order to work” while the percentage of Netherlands is
only 14%which means their people are more likely to love what
they do
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Uncertainty Avoidance- The dimension uncertainty
avoidance bring that future is uncertain and no one can control
future and uncertainty brings anxiety and anger
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The level of
uncertainty is almost same in both the countries 49%(South Africa)
and 53%(Netherlands)
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Long term orientation- This dimension
deals with how every society/ individual/ organization has
maintain links with its own past while dealing with the
challenges of the present and future
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Those with a culture
which scores high encourage thrift and efforts in modern
education as a way to prepare for the future
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6
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With a high score of 63 it is clear that South Africa has a culture
of indulgence and 68% of Netherlands almost same in both
countries
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In recent years,
several pioneers have researched and invented different
methods to measure cultural distance
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Culture distance is known
as well- known term which is presented in philosophical and
psychological specialized( Crane and Hannibal,2013)
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Cultural distance is based on the value orientation
and Overall similarity-dissimilarity
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Sometimes there may be lack of unifying
theoretical base
because the cultural difference is all the differences in culture,
values, norms and beliefs of an individual
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For instance- Globalization has increases the competitiveness at
workplace, group of people who belongs to different culture
works together to achieve common goal( Vivk,1998)
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International activities gives global exposure to an organization
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Culture is
one of the important factor because everyday business has to deal
with people within or outside the organization and all those
people belongs to different culture and they possess different
values, norms, beliefs, thoughts and different style of doing their
work
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BiblographyCROSSCULTURAL ISSUE
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The International Journal of
Human Resource Management, 6(2), pp
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GLOBALIZATION
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Development in Practice, 17(4-5), pp
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Geert-hofstede
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Dimensions - Geert Hofstede
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com/national-culture
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Hofstede, G
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International Business Review
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1-14
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(2015)
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[online] Ted
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Available at:
http://www
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com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing
_machine
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