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Title: Psychology Research Methods
Description: 1st year undergraduate psychology lecture notes. Includes levels of measurements with examples (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio data). Split into 3 sections: levels of measurement, summarizing data-central tendency, and confidence intervals. Average of 1 page per section.
Description: 1st year undergraduate psychology lecture notes. Includes levels of measurements with examples (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio data). Split into 3 sections: levels of measurement, summarizing data-central tendency, and confidence intervals. Average of 1 page per section.
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12/10/20
Lecture 3A: Levels of Measurement
Investigating Police Stop and Search EXAMPLE
Stop and Search Powers
- UK police officers can stop and search an individual if reasonable grounds to suspect
that you have illegal drugs, a weapon, stolen property
- Can stop and search without reasonable grounds if approved by senior police officer and
suspect unit: a serious crime could take place; you are carrying a weapon or have used
one
- April 2018-March 2019 375,588 stop and searches in England in Wales
-4 in 1000 white people and 38 in 1000 black people
Categorical Variable: variable where cases are merely placed into independent, desperate
categories
Measured variable: variable where cases measured on it are placed on some sort of scale that
has direction
Nominal Data
The DV is ‘categorical’, no concept of scale
...
e
...
e
...
g
...
However, information is lost as we reduce
...
Central Tendency= the middle/typical value in the data set
2
...
The
sample mean may differ to the population mean
...
The use of confidence intervals is therefore strongly recommended” - APA
-
Calculating confidence intervals is based upon the normality of the sampling
distributions and making estimates based upon the sample standard deviation
Reporting Confidence Intervals
I
...
For the female group, M= 170, 95% CI [161
...
80]
- M= mean
- In the brackets you are reporting the upper and lower boundaries of that interval
*Means alone can be misleading in terms of interpreting a ‘meaningful’ difference
One approach is to estimate the range of values for the ‘true’ (population) mean
Title: Psychology Research Methods
Description: 1st year undergraduate psychology lecture notes. Includes levels of measurements with examples (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio data). Split into 3 sections: levels of measurement, summarizing data-central tendency, and confidence intervals. Average of 1 page per section.
Description: 1st year undergraduate psychology lecture notes. Includes levels of measurements with examples (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio data). Split into 3 sections: levels of measurement, summarizing data-central tendency, and confidence intervals. Average of 1 page per section.