Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

NCERT
MODALS
GRAMMAR
CLASS 9

Modal auxiliaries are verbs such as can, must, could, would, etc
...

1
...

The negative is must not (mustn‟t)
...
It is followed by the infinitive without
„to‟
...

(i) Must is used to express obligation:



You must obey your parents
...


You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses,
Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc
...
e
...

You must return by the evening
...

There must be some mistakes
...

You must not use the office phone for private calls
...

You must work hard if you want to get good marks
...
Must expresses an obligation imposed by the speaker
...




I must reach there in time (the speaker himself feels so)
...


Had to is used when describing something belonging to the past
...


These two verbs have the following forms:

Have to and had to have alternative negative and interrogative forms:

For example:
Have you to obey his orders? or
Do you have to obey his orders?
Had you to work on Sundays?
or
Did you have to work on Sundays?
Do you have to mind your watch every day?
Did you have to pay customs duty on your watch?

2
...
Had to does so in the
past:



She has to look after her mother
...
m
...

She had to take those pills to get better
...

This has to be a part of the whole plan
...

If she has to choose, she won‟t marry him
...

They will have to clear all their debts before December
...
Should:
(i) Should is the past tense of shall
...




I said, “I shall go to school tomorrow
...


(ii) Should is used to express obligation, duty, etc
...

You should pay all your taxes
...

She should do yoga exercises daily
...


(iv) Should is used to express purpose:



Mohan walked fast so that he should catch the train
...


(v) Should is used to state imaginary results:



He should get angry if he had come to know about it
...


4
...


The modal verb need is mainly used in questions and negatives, which are formed
without „do‟: Need I go now? You need not go
...

Need does not change its form, so the third person singular of the present tense
does not end in „-s‟: He need not go there
...
But it can be used in the pattern followed by
a past participle:
Need not have/needn’t have


You needn‟t have waited for me
...

You need not go
...
e
...

He need not come now
...
He was on leave today
...


5
...


It does not change its form so that the third person singular form does not end in „-s‟:


She ought to work a little harder
...

The negative is ought not (oughtn‟t) and the interrogative is ought I?, Ought you?,
Ought he?, etc:



Ought I do it at once?
He ought not disobey his teachers
...

We ought to exercise daily
...


(ii) Ought to is used when we believe strongly or expect that something will happen:




The Indian team ought to win
...

The meeting ought to have finished by 2 o‟clock
...
is used for emphasising how good, impressive or
unusual something or someone is:



You ought to see their new house
...


(iv) Ought to have is used when we realize that we did not do the right thing in the
past:



You ought to have listened to my advice
...


Ought, must, have to, and should
Note: Ought is used to express the subject‟s obligation or duty
...
The speaker is only reminding the subject of his duty
...

Ought can be used in exactly the same way as should:


You ought to/should obey your parents
...
(These are the rules
...
(The speaker insists on it
...
(The doctor insists on it
...
(The speaker insists on it or It is the speaker‟s
emphatic advice
...
(It is not right or sensible
...
obey our teachers, (have to, must)
She……………………
...
not buy a car
...
fail, (should, must)
Do you……………… cook your own meal? (should, have to)
The villagers……………………
...
(must,
had to)
7
...
take a bath every day before taking meals, (ought to,
should)
8
...
finish this work before I go
...
Ramesh said that they…………… report for duty on Monday, (should, ought to)
10
...
prepare our lessons well before examination, (ought to,
must)
1
...

3
...

5
...


Answer:
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...

9
...

10
...




---