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Self-Medication in Animals
The concept of non-human animals self-medicating was first introduced to a wider audience by Daniel
Janzen (1978)
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This is of importance as 25% of modern medicine is
derived from plants and less than 1% is screened for medicinal potential so any information available
could be used to identify possible plants of interest
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Wild Boars in India dig out and eat pigweed which is commonly used by humans as an
anthelminthic (a drug to expel parasitic worms and other internal parasites by stunning/killing
them without causing the host any significant damage)
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Examples of Medicinal Knowledge observed from Self-Medicating Animals:
 Bears in India prefer plants like bear root which they chew into a paste and apply to their faces or
spray on their limbs and contains coumarins that can be effective against flea, ticks and fungal
infections
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 Pikas are mountain dwelling mammals which store food for winter in hay piles; while doing so
they can be observed ‘haying’ Alpine Avens, which are toxic, and laying these plants in their
storage hay piles
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 African Elephants are known to use plants which can induce labor
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This plant is also used by Kenyan women to induce labor

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