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Static Electricity
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
What causes static electricity?
Static electricity is due to electric charge that builds up on
the surface of an insulator, such as a plastic comb
...
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
Where does static charge come from?
All materials are made of atoms, which contain electric charges
...
Around the outside
of an atom are
electrons, which
have a negative
charge
...
Electrons do not always stay attached to atoms and can
sometimes be removed by rubbing
...
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
How does static charge build up?
Static charge can build up when
two insulating materials are rubbed
together, such as a plastic comb
moving through hair
...
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
How can static charge be created?
Friction can be used to create a static charge
...
The insulator ends up with
an overall negative charge
...
The insulator ends up with
an overall positive charge
...
An electroscope consists of an earthed
metal case, inside which a metal rod is
connected to a metal plate
...
When the metal plate becomes charged,
the charge spreads out through the
metal rod and the gold leaf
...
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
What is a Van de Graaff generator?
A Van de Graaff generator is a machine used to build up
static charge
...
This machine uses the
simple principle of rubbing
insulating materials to build
up a supply of charged
particles
...
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
‘Van de Graaff’ generator
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
What are the forces between charges?
The forces between charges can be investigated using rods
made of insulating materials
...
What will happen if one rod
is replaced with a charged
polythene rod?
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rods repel
each other
© Boardworks Ltd 2011
How do opposite charges behave?
When a charged acetate
rod is placed near a
charged polythene rod,
the rods attract each other
...
The overall charges of these
rods are opposite and so they
attract each other