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Anatomy and Physiology: Atlas A
Define Anatomic Position
• Standing erect
• Facing forward
• Palms supinated
o Facing forward
• Standing on the plantar surface of the feet
o Soles of feet
• What is the clinical significance of anatomic position?
o Any time we describe anatomy in the body or compare two body parts, we refer to
this position

Contrast the Types of Anatomical Planes
• A sagittal plane divides the body into left and right parts
o Midsagittal: equal parts
o Parasagittal: unequal parts
• A coronal or frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
o Front and back of the body
• A transverse or horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts
o Top and bottom of body, usually sectioned at the waist

Word Bank
• Frontal: forehead
• Orbital: eye
• Nasal: nose
• Oral: mouth
• Mental: chin
• Cervical: neck
• Occipital: back of head
• Auricular/otic: ear
• Buccal: cheek
• Cephalic: head
• Facial: area of face
• Thoracic: between neck and diaphragm
• Sternal: area of sternum
• Pectoral: chest
• Umbilical: navel
• Abdominal: between thoracic and pelvic regions
• Inguinal: groin
• Pubic: area of reproductive organs
• Femoral: thigh
• Crural: leg
• Tarsal: ankle
• Plantar: sole of foot
• Hallux: great toe
• Acromial: point of the shoulder
• Axillary: armpit
• Brachial: arm
• Cubital: elbow
• Antebrachial: forearm
• Carpal: wrist
• Palmar: palm of hand
• Pollex: thumb
• Coxal: hip
• Patellar: front of the knee
• Cranial: rounded part of head
• Vertebral: backbone
• Lumbar: lower back
• Gluteal: buttocks
• Perineal: between reproductive organs and anus
• Popliteal: back of knee
• Calcaneal: heel
• Ventral: toward the front or belly
• Dorsal: toward the back or spine

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Anterior: toward the ventral side
Posterior: toward the dorsal side
Cephalic: toward the head or superior end
Rostral: toward the forehead or nose
Caudal: toward the tail or inferior end
Superior: above
Inferior: below
Medial: toward the median plane
Lateral: away from the median plane
Proximal: closer to the point of attachment or origin
Distal: farther from the point of attachment or origin
Ipsilateral: on the same side of the body
Contralateral: on opposite sides of the body
Superficial: closer to the body surface
Deep: further from the body surface

Major Body Regions
• Appendicular region
o Consists of the upper and lower limbs
o Can be further divided into anatomic terms already covered
• Axial region
o Consists of the head, neck, and trunk/torso
o Can further divide the torso into regions
 Has a thoracic region above the diaphragm
 Has an abdominopelvic region below the diaphragm
• Can be further divided into 4 abdominopelvic quadrants
• Can be alternately divided into 9 abdominopelvic regions
4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
• 2 perpendicular lines through navel
• Left and right refers to patient
o RUQ: liver, gall bladder, duodenum, right kidney
o RLQ: appendix, right ovary
o LUQ: stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney
o LLQ: sigmoid colon, left ovary
Contrast Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
• 2 mid-clavicle vertical lines
• Subcostal horizontal line at 10th ribs
• Intertubercular horizontal lines at ASIS
o ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine
Left
and right hypochondriac regions
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• Epigastric region
• Left and right lumbar regions
• Umbilical region

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Left and right inguinal regions
Hypogastric region

Identify Body Cavities
• What cavity contains the brain?
o Cranial cavity
• What is the most inferior cavity?
o Pelvic
• What region separates the pleural cavities?
o Diaphragm
• What cavity contains the lungs? The heart?
o Thoracic, pericardial
Identify the Hierarchal Levels of Human Structure
• From highest to lowest:
o Organism
o Organ system
o Organ
o Tissue
o Cell
o Organelle
o Macromolecule
o Molecule
o Atom



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