Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Experiment 3
Experiment 3: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions:
Pre-Lab Assignment Due at the beginning of lab
...
Solubility
...
Write formula of the compound that would result for each pair and indicate I for insoluble, or S for soluble,
or SS for slightly soluble
...
Table I : Prediction of solubility of salts in water
...
2
...
Neatly write the balanced molecular equation, an ionic equation with spectator ions crossed out, and the
balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each pair of aqueous solutions
...
Use the solubility rules as a guide
...
Example: lead nitrate and potassium iodide
Molecular equation:
Ionic equation:
Net ionic equation:
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) + 2 K+(aq) + 2 I- (aq) → PbI2(s) + 2 K+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq)
Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I-(aq) → PbI2 (s)
a) Sodium chloride and ammonium nitrate
b) Sodium chloride and silver nitrate
ii
...
Place a “P” in the box if you expect a precipitate to form and “NR” if you do not think a reaction will
occur
...
Table II
...
NH4NO3
NaCl
AgNO3
Ba(NO3)2
Experiment 3
CHEM 1E
Na2SO4
NaOH
Na2CO3
Page 2 of 10
EXPERIMENT 3: REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (Read through this prior to beginning the pre−lab) (This
experiment corresponds to chapter 3 in your text)
Introduction
One of the most important characteristics of water is its ability to dissolve many compounds
...
Many important reactions take place in aqueous solutions
...
This skill will be used extensively throughout the remainder
of the semester
...
In this experiment, you will predict what will happen when two
aqueous solutions are mixed, and then test your predictions in the laboratory
...
In exchange or double displacement reactions, cations and anions exchange partners as in the following generic
reaction: AX + BY → AY + BX
There are three types of exchange reactions—precipitation reactions, gas-forming reactions, and neutralization
reactions
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 3 of 13
acid and a base which results in the
formation of a salt and water
acid
base
salt
water
A exchange reaction will occur if (1) a precipitate forms from soluble reactants or (2) a stable molecule forms,
such as water or an insoluble gas
...
Familiarity with the solubility rules tabulated on the next page is required to write these equations
...
Using the solubility rules, determine the species present in aqueous solutions of compounds
...
Use conductivity measurements to determine an electrolyte from non-electrolyte
...
Predict the type of reaction that will occur when two aqueous solutions are mixed
...
Write the chemical equation, the ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for reactions taking place
between aqueous solutions
...
Experimentally identify the type of reaction occurring when two aqueous solutions are mixed
through simple visual and temperature measurements
...
Soluble Compounds
Compounds containing NO3− and C2H3O2−
ClO3−, ClO4−, Group I cations and NH4+
Exceptions
None
Compounds containing Cl−, Br−, and I−
Compounds containing Pb2+ , Ag+ & Hg22+
Compounds containing SO42−
Compounds containing Ca2+ , Hg22+{ss}, Ag+{ss},1
Sr2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+
Exceptions
Compounds containing NH4+ and Gr I metal cations
Insoluble Compounds
Compounds containing CO32−
Compounds containing OH−
Compounds containing S2−
Compounds containing NH4+, Ca2+{ss}, Sr2+{ss}, Ba2+{ss},
and Group I metal cations
Compounds containing NH4+ and Group I metal cations
In your reading you may encounter salts that are classified as "slightly soluble"
...
Later in the semester you will understand the
extent of solubility quantitatively when you learn more about equilibrium
...
The availability of freely moving charges allows these solutions to conduct electricity
...
Substances whose solutions do not conduct electricity are called non-electrolytes
...
On the other hand, weak electrolytes dissociate only partially in
solution so that ions AND the parent compound exist in solution
...
For example, a fairly insoluble salt can be a strong electrolyte if the small portion of
the salt that dissolves in solution, completely dissociates into ions
...
1
...
Switch the reactant cation/anion pair to form the
products and
use the solubility rules to determine the phase of the products
...
These compounds are closer to
strong electrolytes than precipitates in terms of solubility
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 5 of 13
Experiment 3
CHEM 1E
K2SO4 (aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2 (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 KC2H3O2 (aq)
2
...
2 K+ (aq) + SO42− (aq) + Pb2+ (aq) + 2 C2H3O2− (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 K− (aq) + 2 C2H3O2− (aq )
3
...
What remains is the net ionic equation
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 6 of 13
Experiment 3
CHEM 1E
Experiment 3: Testing the conductivity of substances: Name: ________________________________
Section: _________
Score: ________ / 30
A
...
Substance
Observation
No, few, or many
ions?
Species present
Strong, weak or
nonelectrolyte
Water
Distilled water
Sugar, C12H22O11 (s)
Sugar, C12H22O11
(aq)
NaCl (s)
NaCl (aq)
CH3COOH (l)
CH3COOH (aq)
CaCO3 (s)
CaCO3 (aq)
0
...
1M HNO3
Adapted from "Reactions in Aqueous Solutions" by David Reichgott and Mary O'Brien, Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, Washington and
“Reactions in Aqueous Solutions” Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
...
1 M NaOH
0
...
1M KI
0
...
1 M Mg(OH)2
0
...
1M Cu(NO3)2
B
...
0
...
1M Na2CO3
Substance
Observation
No, few, or many
ions?
Species present
Strong, weak or
nonelectrolyte
KNO3
Na2CO3
KNO3 + Na2CO3
Balanced equation:
Total ionic equation:
Net ionic equation:
b
...
1 M CH3COOH and 0
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 8 of 13
Experiment 3
Substance
Observation
CHEM 1E
No, few, or many
ions?
Species Present
Strong, weak or
nonelectrolyte
No, few, or many
ions?
Species present
Strong, weak or
nonelectrolyte
CH3COOH
NH4OH
CH3COOH + NH4OH
Balanced equation:
Total ionic equation:
Net ionic equation:
C
...
1 M H2SO4 and O
...
Precipitation Reactions: Tabulate your observations in the chart below
...
Use an asterisk (*) to mark any observations that do not agree with your predictions
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 9 of 13
Experiment 3
CHEM 1E
NaCl
Na2SO4
NaOH
Na2CO3
3
...
If there was a reaction, write the molecular
equation for the reaction
...
Neutralization Reactions:
What happened when you mixed the Mg(OH)2 (s) and HCl (aq)? Explain your observations
...
EXP 3: REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
(Post-lab questions… what you might see on an exam…)
1
...
The student adds a few drops of a nitric acid solution to each and observes bubbles in one
...
a
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 10 of 13
Experiment 3
b
...
Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of the following aqueous metathesis reactions
...
Classify each reaction as a neutralization, precipitation, or gasforming reaction
...
Hydrobromic acid and cesium hydroxide
Classification:_____________________________
b
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 11 of 13
Experiment 3
c
...
•
Chemistry 2A Lab Manual, Sierra College 2018
Page 12
Experiment 3
CHEM 1E
of 10
Adapted from "Reactions in Aqueous Solutions" by David Reichgott and Mary O'Brien, Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, Washington and
“Reactions in Aqueous Solutions” Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois