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COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
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2 Cultures and Cultural Differences
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Cultures are learned, not innate
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We acquired complete knowledge and
understanding of our cultural norms from our parents, teachers, relatives, and
friend‘s
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2
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We act as members of our own cultural group, not as
individuals, because belonging to a culture means following the norms of the
group
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We regard being alike with
being right, and being different with being wrong, and we separate the world
into ―us‖ and ―them
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Cultures are multifaceted
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Behaviors and things common
to people who live together in social groups are considered cultural universal,
but the performance of these activities and things differs dramatically from
culture to culture
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Cultures are dynamic
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Globalization has greatly changed relationships of nations and governments
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Instead of having set ideas about
cultural norms, we should be sensitive, observe changes, and deal with these
changes accordingly
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Cultural identities are overlapping
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Some of these cultures work together while

others clash
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Barriers to effective International Communication
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Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that a person‘s culture is
much better than any other group‘s culture, and the tendency is for that
person to judge any ―out-group culture by using the norms of his ―in-group‖
culture
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Stereotypes and prejudices
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The
negative characteristics attributed to one group can cause beliefs and
feelings that lead to biases and discrimination attributed to one group can
cause beliefs and feelings that lead to biases and discrimination against that
group
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3
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g
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Simply said, a stereotype is a generalization of a group of people based on a
small sample of these people stereotyping or classifying an entire group of
people or culture with defining characteristics, which are usually unfair and
untrue, is much easier than explaining the complexities of the uniqueness of
specific situations and the individual differences essential in each event
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Prejudice, an offshoot of stereotypes, is an unfair thought, belief, or feeling
of dislike for a person or group because of race, nationality, gender, sexual
orientation, age, religion, and so on
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When someone is prejudiced, the
prejudice usually refers to his thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about a certin
group of people, which he learns only from his ―in-groups,‖ not from any firsthand, direct contact with ―out-group‖ members, and he seldom attempts to

check the validity of this bias, or if ever he proves its being unsubstantiated,
he often ultimately ignores the truth
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Assumed similarities
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This happens when
members of one group assume that all groups behave the same way they do,
that what is true to their culture is also true to all other cultures
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