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2
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-Replication is the process of copying DNA
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Bases are exposed
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Sugar and phosphate molecules bond with neighbouring nucleotides and new
strands of DNA are formed
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-Each chromosome has the 2 identical DNA molecules which are now called
chromatids
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Cell division
-2 types
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-They have the half the number of
chromosomes of parent cell
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by this way
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-Produce variation in offspring
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-At the end of mitosis , each daughter cell should have a full diploid set of
chromosomes --> 44 autosomes + 2 sex chromosomes
*Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell, that is they are clones
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*Also DNA become coiled
up
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*Network of fibers appear
extending from poles of the
cell to each chromosome
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*Chromosomes uncoil and
are no longer visible as
individual strands
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Examples for unicellular organisms performing asexual reproduction
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Yeast used in baking and brewing
2
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3
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-Volvox , an algae type live in colonies of genetically identical cells produced by
mitosis
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-Here offspring are produced without any union of gametes
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Eg: Hydra
-They are reproduced by budding when conditions are favourable
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Budding
Grass
-Many grasses form stems (knows as runners) that grow over the ground
surface
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-Shoots grow at this point and creates a new individual
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*Parent and offspring are genetically identical
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