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BIOL214 Summary Session - 10/14/15
Chapter 16: Regulation of Gene Expression
What is an operon? What level of gene regulation does it take place in (there are four levels)?

Are operons found in prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Why are they advantageous?

The lac operon
Animations: http://www
...
com/webcontent/animations/content/lacoperon
...
ucdavis
...
html

Label: Transcription initiation site, termination site, RNA polymerase, and draw in allolactose
(assume the repressor is active, so is the allolactose bound or unbound?)
Label and define -Regulatory gene:
Regulatory sequences:
a
...
Operator:
Regulatory Proteins
a
...
CAP (not in the diagram, but what does it do? Where would it bind? In what conditions
would it bind?)
Transcription Unit -- Match ‘em and briefly define ‘em
...
lacZ
a
...

3
...


lacY
lacA
lacI

b
...
β-galactosidase
d
...
mheducation
...
cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072
437316/120080/bio26
...
Is the corepressor bound?)
Label and define -Regulatory gene:
Regulatory sequences -- What are they for the trp operon? Label them
...
Repressor (active or inactive by default?):
Lac

Trp

Regulation: Positive or
negative?
Main regulatory
protein?
Active or inactive by
default?
Is there a secondary
regulatory protein?
If so, what binds to it?

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What is the molecule
that binds to the
repressor called?
Inducible or
repressible operon?
Catabolic or anabolic?
Prokaryote or
Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Animation: http://www
...
com/video/12212/Eukaryotic-DNA-Transcription-Regulation

Regulatory sequences (what binds to them?)
a
...
Promoter:
c
...
Activators
b
...
Coactivator
d
...
Transcription Factors (TFs)
Label: Transcription unit and where the 5’ and 3’ UTRs would be
...

● List the components that would be involved in each scenario (hint: you have a handy
little word bank above!)
...

Basal/Lowest Rate:

Medium Rate:

Maximum Rate:

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Operon?
Transcription
Initiation requires?
Lowest possible rate?
Regulatory Sequences
Regulatory Proteins
Role of Activator(s)
Role of Repressor(s)
Do the activators and
repressors interact?

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Post-Transcriptional Regulation
RNAi - What does it stand for? What two types of RNA fall under this category?
What is the main difference between these two types of RNAi?

How does pairing of the miRNA to the target mRNA affect post-transcriptional regulation?

Label the miRNA gene, the pre-miRNA, dicer, protein complex, miRNA, and the miRISC
complex (hint: the list of words may quite possibly be in order
...


Motifs
What are motifs?
Identify the motifs
...
A man who is heterozygous
marries a woman who is heterozygous for tongue rolling
...
Starchy kernels,
S, are dominant over sweet kernels, s
...

Do we know the exact genotype of each plant? If not, how can we determine their genotypes?
Product rule:

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Addition rule:

Incomplete Dominance:
Define:

Codominance
Define:
Multiple Alleles:
Define:
True or False: A normal organism has more than 2 alleles for one gene
...

Epistasis:
Define:
Consider the example of epistasis that Dr
...

a
...
Is this an example of dominant epistasis or recessive epistasis? How do you know?
c
...

Why?
What are the possible genotypes for a brown lab?
What would the ratio of a dihybrid lab cross?
Bonus: Write out the gametes for each parent of the dihybrid cross, and draw a punnett square
...
Purple people eaters with pink fur are called cotton candy eaters
...

When a purple people eater has at least 1 copy of the E allele, its fur appears white
...
Is this an example of dominant or recessive epistasis?
b
...

Type of
Inheritance

Key words

Symbols
Used

Characteristic
Ratio(s)

Examples

Complete
Dominance

Incomplete
Dominance

Codominance

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Multiple Alleles

Epistasis

Polygenic
Inheritance

Is blending supported in any of these types of inheritance?

Chapter 13:
Linked Genes and Sex-Linked Genes
Animation: http://www
...
com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis
...
Label the centromere on the
chromosome with 1 chromatid
...
What is the reference point upon
which we base our analysis for recombination problems?

1 map unit is:
a
...
1 cM
c
...
related to physical distance of genes on a chromosome
e
...
all of the above
What is the difference between wild-type and mutants? Which one is denoted by the (+) symbol
superscript?

Explain Morgan’s experiment with D
...


Genotypes of parents:
Genotypes of offspring:
a
...
F2
Define reciprocal cross:

Sex-Linked (X-Linked) Genes
What does it mean for a gene to be sex-linked? Why is it sometimes referred to more specifically
as X-linked?

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According to Dr
...

a
...
What will you expect if the gene is sex-linked?

A female fruit fly that has red eyes and short wings is crossed with a male with brown eyes and
long wings
...
A cross between F1 males and
females produces the following offspring:
75 long, red females
23 short, red females
39 long, red males
37 long, brown males
14 short, red males
10 short, brown males
a
...
Which are the recombinant phenotypes?
c
...
Which alleles are dominant?
X-Chromosome Inactivation
What’s going on in the picture below? Describe in a few sentences
...

True or false: Sex chromosome disorders (think nondisjunction) are genetic
...


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Describe the effects of each of the genotypes below
...

a
...
List 2 different ways that nondisjunction could have resulted in this particular
chromosome combination
...
Suppose you are a genetic counselor
whose client, a woman, has this condition
...

a
...


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b
...
Give specific evidence
...
Assign symbols to the alleles and assign genotypes to each of the individuals in your
pedigree
...
If your client marries a man with no family history of the disease, what is the probability
that she will have an affected child?

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