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Title: Economic advantages of single currency
Description: The notes discuss the efficiency of a single currency in a community of nations. This is in line with International Trade Law. 4th Year LLB

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The Economic Advantages of a 
Single Currency
and its Current Systemic Flaws
Roland Freudenstein
Centre for European Studies
Cadenabbia 30 Nov 2012

„restating the obvious is the first 
duty of intelligent men“

Advantages: Single Market related
• Exchange related transaction costs 
disappear
• No more price distortion, more 
transparent price comparisons
• Exchange rate uncertainty is eliminated

Advantages: global & political
• Lower risk of exposure to speculative 
attacks
• Common currency becomes global 
reserve currency (lower price volatility 
for importers; possible reduction of 
intrerest rates)
• Visible symbol of the Union 

The Optimal Currency Area (OCA)
• * Early 1960s
• Countries can no longer change the 
value of their currencies
In case of loss of competitiveness 

OCA preconditions
• Member states have similar business cycles 
(no asymmetric shocks)
• Member states have similar economic 
structures
• Labour and capital mobility are high
• Price and wage flexibility
• Sufficient fiscal transfers
• Similar inflation levels

Eurozone ‐ Action is necessary:
• Ensuring economic convergence (economic 
governance/government)
• Ensuring sustainable debt/GDP ratio (Stability & 
Growth Pact)
• Some degree of common liability 
(Eurobonds/Debt Agency/ECB as lender of last 
resort)
• Improving skills and getting to full employment 
(education, R&D, taxes)

Dilemmas and challenges
• Subsidiarity: Economic framework or 
economic government?
• Common liability or common responsibility: 
Which comes first?
• A two‐tier Union?
• National democracy and the rights of 
national Pariaments
• Tackling the EU democratic deficit

Dilemmas and challenges

CES publication

www
...
eu


Title: Economic advantages of single currency
Description: The notes discuss the efficiency of a single currency in a community of nations. This is in line with International Trade Law. 4th Year LLB