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INFLUENCE OF MARITAL INSTABILITY ON THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ONDO WEST L
...
A OF ONDO
STATE

ERHUNSE CONFIDENCE

TITLE PAGE

INFLUENCE OF MARITAL INSTABILITY ON THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN
ONDO WEST L
...
A OF ONDO STATE

BY

ERHUNSE CONFIDENCE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY,
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION,
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, AGBOR, DELTA STATE
...
G
...
has been approve as meeting the requirement for the
award of NCE in the Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education,
College of Education, Agbor, Delta State
...


3

ABSTRACT
This study deal on the Influence of Marital Instability on the Academic Performance of
Junior Secondary School Students in Ondo West L
...
A Of Ondo State
...
This will help to provide a guide to educational administrations of
various institutions running through the same problems and society at large to check and control
it effect on children and also control instability in the home to enable the children get the control
parental up bringing to turnout useful citizen in future to achieve this, the researcher formulated
the following null hypothesis and research questions respectively as a guild for the study
...

RESEARCH QUESTION
1
...


Does the type of home a student comes from affect his/her academic performance in
school?

3
...
The sample consisted of 188
pupils chosen randomly from the eight school selected by stratified random sampling
...
Students were
randomly selected and their records collected
...

The result showed that effect of marital instability on the academic performance of junior
secondary school student in Ondo West Local Government Area is great because the schools
4

records or collected analyzed data emphatically justified it
...

Also recommendation and suggestion were made on how best to reduce the effect of marital
instability
...
1 Background of the Study

1

1
...
3 Purpose of the Study

9

1
...
5 Scope of the Study

11

1
...
7 Research Hypotheses

12

CHAPTER TWO
2
...
1
2
...
3
2
...
5

13

Effects of Stable Home on the Academic Performance of the Students in Junior
Secondary Level in Secondary School
...

17
Students Academic Performance
22
Impact of family on the students take home assignment
23
Effects of unstable home on the student behavior both academically and social behavior
and personal hygiene
...
1

Design of the study

3
...
3 Instrument for data collection

31

3
...
5 Analysis of data

32

CHAPTER FOUR
4
...
0 Discussions, summary, conclusion and recommendations
...
1 Discussion of the finding/result

58

5
...
3 Conclusion

69

5
...
5 Limitation of the study

71

5
...
The family cycle is where many human needs and happiness can
be satisfied
...
It is important to stress here that the child in the womb cannot
be aided to be socialized
...

A family into which a child is born may be a major determinant of his/her success in
school
...
So that it
will hit the target
...

The family over the years has been on transition or put directly experiencing social
changes and one of these changes include the threat to the survived of this basic social institution
which is the family
...

The family as a social institution which this project work is anchored is assumed to be
saddled with a lot of problem which result in its instability parent nowadays no longer believe
...

The inability of the spouses to assume their right and obligations properly will result to
instability in the family and some time it may lead to separation which does not augur well for
their children
...
2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Marriage is the union of man and woman in the society in a socially approved way
...
Members of the extended family must fulfill their own goals and an objective
identified with members of both the nuclear and extended family interference sets in and leads to
breakdown in the family network
...
If these goals are not properly combined,
it could lead to situations like divorce or breakdown of the relationship between nuclear and
extended family members and family existence
...
It is an ill wind that
does no good to the children’s performance in education
...
A basic philosophy of
the national policy on education is the provision of equal educational opportunities for all its
citizens in different educational levels
...
This is
the more reason why there is inequality in education in Ondo West
...

Some characteristics that will be applied in this study are: home convenience as it effect
his/her take home assignment and performance on health, level of interactions as it affects
his/her communication, without absenteeism as it affects his/her record of attendance during
school hours, neatness as if affect his/her nails cloths, her etc
...


9

1
...

Therefore, a child who has impaired socialization will carry it to adulthood and through
his life time
...
Most significant
of such problem is the emotional disturbances associated with marital instability
...

On the side of the man his problem might lead him into some anti-social activities which
will eventually affect his offspring’s educationally
...

Furthermore, the atmosphere in which a child develops determines his success in his
school work and his relations with others in the school environment
...
The
family environment is most important in making the personality of an adult what it is
...

The growing child has a lot to learn from the parents whether good or bad
...
Those are good for the children’s better
educational development should such children go to school
...

Marital separation or instable homes result in most of these problems
...
Such
parents are often unable to provide for their children educational advancement such as books
school uniform and other useful materials
...

Also in homes where children miss either their mother or their father they are usually not
happy especially when it is as a case of separation or that he or she is dead
...

Thus they will always lag behind in whatever they are doing with other children
...
In peace
...

The concern of the study is to find out the effects of marital instability on the academic
performance of junior secondary school students in Ondo West L
...
A of Ondo State
...
4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to:
a
...


b
...


c
...


1
...

The serves to intimate the educational administration with the cause, effects and solution
to marital instability
...

11

Different level of policy makers may as well draw inspiration from this research work on
effects of marital instability
...

The last but not the least of this study is the suggestion, solution and maintenance of
mental equilibrium for better families for a better tomorrow
...
6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is concentrated on Ondo West local government area of Ondo State
...

1
...
Does marital instability bring about the student untidiness in school?
2
...
Do students from broken homes do their assignment and behave alike with other from
stable home?
1
...

There is no significant difference between the academic performance of student from
stable homes and the academic performance of students from broken home in junior secondary
school level
...
0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In reviewing the literature on marital instability, it was found that many social scientists
have carried out different research studies and revealed numerous causes and effects of marital
instability:
Studies carried out in the area of marital instability will be reviewed under the following
subheadings:2
...


2
...


2
...
9

Impact of family on the students take home assignment

2
...


2
...
EFFECTS OF STABLE HOME ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
STUDENTS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY LEVEL
...
This indicate therefore that whatever type of family into which a
child is born will one way or the other affects his education
...

Blooms (1986) showed that the home environment is one of the most important sets of
influences in the emotional and intellectual development of children especially during the school
13

years
...

He explained that the objects in the home, the amount of parental interest in learning and
the amount of practices and encouragement the children is given in conversation and general
learning have been found to have significant influences on languages and cognitive development,
attention span and motivation of the child”
...

Nwoye (1988) observed that “if most house holds and families could discharge their
families responsibilities, dutifully caring for the dependent to socializing the child, building the
foundation of love, giving social support, giving identity supervising basic learning, teaching
respect for authority to mention but a few the child could perform very well and the society and
school would have a different out look than what is found today, this is so because ones early
family education is reflected later in one’s attitude and performance
...

Pallock and Middleton (1989) indicated that emotional climate of home, the quality of
family relationship and many other social factors have tremendous influences on the health
behavior of children
...


14

2
...

Both, Johnson and Edward (1983) noted that the term family instability has been in

appropriate equated with marital dissolution
...
it
was frequently asserted that marital instability has a deteriorating effect on the children’s
development
...

Anagbogu and Chikendu (1989) had it that “The importance of the role of the father in
the child’s development is a vital one
...
Because of unstable home” Umunna (1988)
...
They would become incentive to
family issues and tend to neglect a child’s complain of no shoes, no school feed, no school
uniform, no books and other aid for educational and moral development
...

Rejection by the mother which can be shown in a variety of ways is a form of severe
deprivation for the child who is likely to react by showing emotional or behavioral disturbance
...
It is best that parents especially mother stay near their
children, care for them teach them good moral behavior because human being needs attention all
through his life for an effective all round development
...
This is
because Ajale (1987) had it that an emotional disturbance could affect a child’s general behavior
both in and outside the classroom
...
Since olive
trees cannot but produce olive fruit
...

2
...
It has been observed that children
from instable home lack academic aspiration from such homes
...

Gallaghor emphasized that lack of attention has adverse effect on the life of the children
it could lead to diligence in children” he further said that both mother and father help in the
socialization of the child
...

16

Both Johnson and Edward (1983) said that when children lack concentration they tend to
withdraw within themselves, eat less and show over activity of a restless kind or loose interest in
everything around them and develop a rebellious nature such children have problem that parent
must recognize
...

Finally Udoh (1987) stated that a child who is unhealthy cannot function effectively in
his academic
...
4

IMPACT OF FAMILY ON THE STUDENTS TAKE HOME ASSIGNMENT
Turner stated that the school is the most important agent outside the home in shaping the

health of a child
...
He said that the elementary school years as well as the home are very
formative for the child
...
Listen to their needs and grant some of them make them happy
...
no child should suffer the burdens of illness
or defect resulting from conditions that are preventable or correctable
...

According to Udoh, Fawole, Ajala, Okafor Nwana Obanya (1988) …… the impact of
learning on children will come to nothing unless the school itself and home has a healthy
environment
...

This is supported when Umesiegbu (1988) said that “Any aspect of the school
programmed should be enhanced by parental participation at home”

17

Both the home and the community could have positive or negative influence on the health
attitudes and practices of the school child
...
Udo et al (1988)
...

Parent should not neglect their children’s home work for promotion of good performance
his education must be sound both at school and at home
...

A child is known by the family and retreat exerts a heavy toll on the well being of the
child when vital indications of his survival and development are considered
...

2
...

Werner (1987) sees personal hygiene as that great task in the prevention of many kinds of

infections through adequate practice of personal cleanliness as well as public cleanliness
...


18

Bucher, Charles and Reade (1974) make us to understand that the tender years of
childhood are most important the starting point of social, physical and mental development
...
Symbols are
learned and social values are being acquired and in a situation where the parent life is battered,
the child might not be able to acquire all
...

Pallock (1989) states that adults can promote self reliance by showing an awareness of
their own identity and autonomy, by defining for themselves appropriate values and behavior
standard by acting responsibly and providing children with experience that help them grow into
self reliant adults
...
1 THE POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The target population for the study consisted of pupils in secondary school in Ondo West
which is divided into two educational zones composed of yaba and Ayeyemi zone consisted of
15 junior schools while awards consisted of 25 schools
...
2 SAMPLE AND SAMPLINGS TECHNIQUE
Out of the 40 secondary schools in Ondo West three schools ware randomly selected
from Ayeyemi and five schools were also randomly selected from Yaba
...
Yaba:
St
...
joseph catholic grammar school Yaba
Ondo Anglican grammar school, Yaba
St
...
Ayeyemi
Community secondary school, Ayeyemi
Holy flock secondary school, Ayeyemi
Lujomu secondary school Ayeyemi
Students of class three were chosen from each of the school using random sample method
the total sample is therefore 188
...
The pupil in junior secondary three (J
...
3) were taken to senior classes in the school
...

3
...

That is local government result on health education and school record on cleanliness and take
home assignment of the children oral interview was used where necessary and observation were
also used
...

3
...


Neatness

2
...


3
...

In the above areas
...
The data were
collected back by the researcher on the same day
...
Data was collected based on the documented records collected
from the eight schools
...


21

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALSIS OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation and analysis of the data from the records
...

1
...
To what extent does the type of home a student comes from affect his/her academic
performance in school?
3
...

The various sampled schools were presented and their corresponding computed records
in terms of performance as regards to stable and unstable were given and t-test analysis was used
to analyze them
Each section was worked out separately and results were added and squared before
dividing
...
Ambrose catholic grammar school performance
...
7

50
...
27

Usable

10

32
...
1

T-Table

Level of Significance

1
...
05

22

The null hypothesis is rejected because there is no significant difference between the
performance of children from stable home and the performance of children from broken or
unstable home in health education at St
...
the alternative
hypothesis is accepted
...

T-test on St
...

Home

N

X

SD

T-Cal

Stable

16

61
...
90

8
...
5

4
...
714


...

TABLE 3
There is no significant difference between the performances of children from stable home
and the performance of children from unstable at the junior secondary school level
...

Home

N

X

SD

T-Cal

Stable

16

56
...
69

9
...
1

4
...
721


...
The null hypothesis is rejected while the
alternative hypothesis is accepted
...

T-test on St
...
1

13
...
429

Unstable

8

36
...
24

T-Table

Level of Significance

1
...
05

The null hypothesis is rejected while the alternative hypothesis is accepted
...

T-test on All saint Anglican grammar school, Yaba
Home

N

X

SD

T-Cal

Stable

14

55
...
68

5
...
9

12
...
725


...
The null hypothesis is rejected while alternative hypothesis is accepted
...

T-test on Community secondary school, Ayeyemi
N

X

SD

T-Cal

Stable

15

58
...
66

16
...
5

4
...
725


...

The t-calculated value > to t-table value at
...
therefore the null
hypothesis is rejected while the alternative hypothesis is accepted
...
This is due to the fact that t-calculated
value at all times is > t- table value at the
...

Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected while the alternative hypothesis is accepted
because a significant difference has been established
...

1
...


Does marital situation affects children’s take home assignment?

3
...

TABLE

7:

ST
...


64

53

54

37

12

26

3
...


68

61

66

36

22

22

5
...


68

40

50

14

38

31

7
...


78

79

87

38

31

26

9
...


94

74

86

38

12

18

11
...


84

60

55

13
...


74

40

74

15
...


82

60

59

17
...


60

44

50

19
...


94

76

68

Total 1498

1152

TOTAL

X = 32
...
13

S = 50-5 S = 9
...
5

X = 57
...
36

X = 13
...
37

Using table 7 to answer research question 1, 2 and 3 it concludes that the type of home
affect the child’s performances in take home assignment and untidiness respectively because
from the above table stable home has X of 70
...
6 for neatness and 62
...
5 as against instable home of x =32
...
3 for neatness and 28
...
4
...

Table 8: ST
...


40

60

66

40

26

38

3
...


68

70

68

30

38

38

5
...


68

70

65

32

30

34

7
...


58

68

70

36

40

32

9
...


40

68

66

318

308

294

11
...


56

66

68

X = 35
...


48

68

70

S = 4
...


58

70

70

TOTAL

27

X = 34
...
67
S = 3
...
19

15
...


68

70

68

TOTAL 1988 1076

1085

X = 61
...
25 X = 67
...
90

S = 8
...
90

The above record indicates that while stable home has an average X of 65
...
07
...
75
performances, 67
...
81 assignments while unstable home has the following X
scores as 35
...
22 neatness and 32
...
Therefore research
question 1, 2, and 3 emphasized that it has been proved that the type of home affect the
performance, neatness and assignment
...


45

40

50

25

18

30

3
...


55

55

60

38

28

38

5
...


50

60

60

28

30

35

7
...


58

55

58

178

225

9
...
14
S = 4
...
41 X = 32
...
18

S = 5
...
06

X = 58
...
93

The above figure, show the type of homes affect student performance, neatness and home
assignment because stable home has the X score of 60
...
87
...
93, assignment while unstable home has the X scores of 32
...
41 neatness
and 32
...
95 while unstable home has
29
...

TABLE 10: ST
...

STABLE HOME
S/No

UNSTABLE HOME

Perfor

Neat

Assess

Perfor

Neat

Assess

mance

ness

ment

mance

ness

ment

1

38

48

45

20

18

20

2
...


45

60

60

20

40

32

4
...


45

58

48

20

32

34

6
...


60

56

52

38

38

38

8
...


40

68

60

10

60

65

60

11

60

65

70

X = 31
...
57

12

55

60

60

Total

X = 25
...
69
29

S = 7
...
36

13

70

55

55

14

60

60

60

15

55

52

68

Total

774

848

851

X = 51
...
5

X = 56
...
09

S = 9
...
66

At , st
...
Based on the computed data above the stable home has
the X scores of 51
...
5 neatness and 56
...
14 performance 31
...
57 assignment
...
9 while unstable home is 29
...

TABLE 11: ALL SAINT ANGLICAN GRAMMAR SCHOOL PERFORMANCE,
NEATNESS AND ASSIGNMENT SCORES
...


55

60

66

37

48

42

3
...


70

65

55

47

28

18

5
...


70

65

65

21

20

12

7
...


80

80

70

38

44

42

9
...
33

X = 34
...
67

S = 4
...
04

Total

30

S = 2
...
18

X = 66
...
25

S = 13
...
17

S= 12
...
18, 66
...
25 assignment for stable home while the unstable homes the X
scores for performance is 36
...
25 and assignment is 26
...

TABLE 12 COMMUNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL, AYEYEMI
STABLE HOME
S/No

UNSTABLE HOME

Perfor

Neat

Assess

Perfor

Neat

Assess

mance

ness

ment

mance

ness

ment

1

68

49

36

46

32

24

2
...


60

81

65

22

48

18

4
...


59

64

59

18

25

21

6
...


50

48

51

36

30

30

8
...


41

67

46

10

43

54

49

11

50

68

40

12

72

69

34

13

48

54

66

14

60

49

50

Total

775

847

677

Total

231

268

X = 35
...
22 X = 32
...
10 S = 3
...
35

X = 60
...
35

S = 12
...
98

S= 9
...
19

In the above table stable home has X scores for performance 53
...
5 and
assignment 48
...
88, neatness = 35
...
25
...


TABLE 13: HOLY FLOCK SECONDARY SCHOOL, AYEYEMI
STABLE HOME
S/No

UNSTABLE HOME

Perfor

Neat

Assess

Perfor

Neat

Assess

mance

ness

ment

mance

ness

ment

1

66

60

62

34

34

39

2
...


68

62

62

36

21

39

32

4
...


44

52

42

30

38

36

6
...


46

48

50

37

23

35

8
...


48

40

50

34

34

39

10

70

56

66

11

56

56

60

12

50

60

60

13

48

62

58

14

52

48

52

15

49

52

60

Total

878

838

836

Total

X = 34
...
86
S = 4
...
53

X = 55
...
73

S = 10
...
42

S= 10
...
81

X = 31
...
36

From all indications as regards to performance, neatness and take home assignment type
and nature of home has an effect on the children in all levels of analysis as shown in the table
above because stable home X score are more than unstable home X score in all levels x scores
for stable home are 58
...
87 for neatness and 57
...
For
unstable homes the x scores are 34
...
86 for neatness and 31
...


33

TABLE 14: LUJOMU SECONDARY SCHOOL AYEYEMI
STABLE HOME
S/No

STABLE HOME

Perfor

Neat

Assess

Perfor

Neat

Assess

mance

ness

ment

mance

ness

ment

1

66

62

56

36

68

36

2
...


60

56

50

40

30

40

4
...


68

56

54

36

52

28

6
...


62

62

68

26

28

38

8
...


68

48

56

284

228

386

10

60

50

52

11

50

62

54

12

52

48

50

13

48

40

60

14

52

50

52

15

50

50

54

Total

866

818

820

Total

X = 57
...
53

X = 54
...
27

S = 6
...
17

The computed figures above proved that stable home performed better than unstable
home in all dimension or levels
...


34

CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSIONS, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
...
TYPE OF HOME AFFECTS CHILDREN PERFORMANCE
In this direction, children from stable home perform better than children from unstable
home
...

Harwood (1982) went further to agree with the above when he stated that family being
the first institution for child education as an institution the family has shown a remarkable
capacity for survival and the various ways in which families have organized themselves and
these actually influence the child’s performance in primary schools
...

Soyombo (1986) concluded that type of home provides the child with his most
fundamental needs which the child needs for his performance
...
CHILDREN FROM BROKEN HOME DO NOT DO THEIR ASSIGNMENT
...
Booth, Johnson and Edward (1983) agree that marital instability has a very negative
psychological physical and social effects upon the children with this in view it is clear that such
child could lack concentration in her academics and as such could not battle with his assignment
problem
...
A very conducive
home environment gives a child an enormous opportunity for her educational activity
...

Children from broken homes suffer the burdens of illness and defect resulting from
conditions that are preventable or correctable
...
This sympathetic situation characterized the broken home environment as cited
by Nwachili
3
...
Ajda (1987) supported this statement when he stated that emotional
disturbance could affect a child’s general behavior both in and outside the classroom
...

These are as a result of parental care and uncare as the case may be
...

Anagbogu and Chikendu (1989) went further to assert in the affirmative that separation
from the mother during childhood could lead to emotional maladjustment, delinquency,
untidiness educational problems and even psychopath behavior of the child
...

4
...
The presented and analyzed table (in
relation to hypothesis testing at the various different schools in idemili north local government
area
...
05 level
of significance for example at global secondary school Awada it was t- cal 9
...
721 at 0
...
All in all the t-calculated was always > >+-table
value of all the secondary school used for the study
...


37

Has been observed that children from unstable homes lack acadmic aspiration from such
homes and also found that children from unstable home feel rejected and inferior, and for this
reasons they always go with low mentality and therefore do not perform very well academically
...
Blooms (1986) went further to
conclude that environment is one of the most important set of influences in the emotional and
intellectual development of children especially during the school years
...

SUMMARY
Having examined and appraised the influence martial instability on the academic
performance of junior secondary school student in Ondo West local government area
...
the following null hypothesis and research questions was
formulated respectively to guild the study
...

RESEARCH QUESTION
1
...


Does the type of home students come from affect his/her academic performance in
school?

3
...

The data were presented and analyzed using t-test to test the stated null hypothesis while
mean(x) and standard deviation (sd) were used to answer the research question
...

a
...
That is children from stable homes perform much better than children
from broken homes
...


Type of home affects students performance

c
...


Marital instability bring about students untidiness

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, therefore a cursory look at the entire work reveals that effect of marital instability
on the academic performance of junior secondary school students in Ondo West local
government area of Ondo State is great because the school records or data collected and analyzed
emphatically justified it
...

1
...

2
...


39

3
...

4
...

5
...

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This researcher in the course of her study encountered financial problem, time and energy
constraints copied with tedious domestic work
...
A comprehensive evaluation of martial instability on the performance of children
education
...
An examination of the solution to the effect of mental instability on the academic
performance of students

DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE COLLECTED
The end of second term scored on the student academic performance on
1
...
Local government area written examination on physical and health education
3
...


40

TABLE 1: ST
...
7

X2 = 32
...
5

SD1 = 10
...
7-32
...
52 + 10
...
6

= 2500
...
49
20

10
38
...
3125 + 11449

38
...
9615

41

=

38
...
78819325
t- cal = 3
...
701
Since t-calculate value is greater (>) than t- table value at
...
e 3
...
701
T –calculate = 3
...
701
Level of significant
Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected because there is a significant difference between
the performance of children from stable home and the performance of children from broken or
unstable home in health education at St
...
The alternative
hypothesis is accepted
...
JOSEPH CATHOLIC GRAMMAR SCHOOL, YABA
Stable Homes

unStable Homes

X1 = 61
...
5

SD1 = 10
...
10

N1 = 16

N1 = 9

Using the t- test formular
T – cal =

61
...
3
10
...
102
N16

N2
26
...
81

+ 16
...
5

= 7
...
867777778

26
...
293402778

=

26
...
048508287
t- Cal = 8
...
5 = 1
...
6927, T – table = 1
...
5 level of significant, there is
significant difference
...


TABLE 3: ONDO ANGLICAN GRAMMAR SCHOOL, YABA
...
3

X2 = 32
...
69

SD1 = 4
...
3-32
...
69 2 + 4
...
2

= 44
...
9441

16

97
24
...
79725625 + 3
...
2

44

= 6
...
2

2
...
834
T – Table at 0
...
721
Therefore, since t-cal = 1
...
714 at 0
...
The null hypothesis is rejected while the
hypothesis is accepted
...
HELENS GRAMMAR SCHOOL, YABA
...
9

X2 = 25
...
09

SD1 = 7
...
9 – 25
...
092 + 7
...
8

= 82
...
1361
7

45

26
...
50854 + 8
...
8
= 13
...
173
DF = N1 + N2 -2 = 20
T – Table at 0
...
725
T – Table at 0
...
721
Then T-Cal + -table, the null hypothesis is rejected at global secondary school while
alternative hypothesis is accepted
...


TABLE 5: ALL SAINT ANGLICAN GRAMMAR SCHOOL, YABA
...
1

X2 = 36
...
98

SD1 = 12
...
1 – 36
...
982 + 12
...
2

= 195
...
8176
16

8

30
...
215025 + 187272

30
...
942225

30
...
562573595

t- Cal = 5
...
5 = 1
...
The null hypothesis is rejected
while alternative hypothesis is accepted
...

Stable Homes

Stable Homes

X1 = 55
...
9

SD1 = 8
...
3

N1 = 14
T – Cal =

N1 = 8
55
...
9
8
...
32
14

8
26
...
342 + 151
...
4

= 5
...
91125

26
...
29282143
26
...
928774841

t- Cal = 5
...
5 = 1
...
5, The null hypothesis is rejected because there is a significant
difference at community secondary school, Ayeyemi
...

Stable Homes

Stable Homes

X1 = 58
...
5

SD1 = 10
...
82

N1 = 15
T – Cal =

N2 = 7
58
...
83
10
...
832
15

7
53
...
6356 + 23
...
87

= 7
...
3329

53
...
90840667
53
...
302787711

t- Cal = 16
...
5 = 1
...

Then T-Cal value > to + - table value at 0
...

TABLE 7: LUJOMU SECONDARY SCHOOL AYEYEMI
...
7

X2 = 35
...
27

SD1 = 4
...
7 – 35
...
272 + 4
...
2

= 39
...
7156

15

8
22
...
62086 + 2
...
2
=

5
...
2
= 2
...
611
DF = N1 + N2 -2 = 20
T – Table at 0
...
725
There is a significant difference between the performance of children from broken or
unstable home at standard secondary school because the T-Cal value > to + - table value at 0
...


51

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Agbede, D
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Blooms , B
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Onwuka,U
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A Handbook on School Administration
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London Macmillan Education Limited
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B
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Turner, C
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55



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