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Title: Theories of Learning
Description: This is a class lecture about Theories of Learning. References are included since some of the contents are sensitive topics. You can learn about the following: • THEORIES OF LEARNING o Behaviorism o Cognitivism o Humanistic Theory
Description: This is a class lecture about Theories of Learning. References are included since some of the contents are sensitive topics. You can learn about the following: • THEORIES OF LEARNING o Behaviorism o Cognitivism o Humanistic Theory
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THEORIES OF
LEARNING
(CLASS LECTURES)
THEORIES OF LEARNING
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Humanistic Theory
BEHAVIORISM
Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning
...
WATSON
John Broadus Watson believed that all individual differences in behavior due to different
learning experiences
...
It suggested that
classical conditioning could cause some phobias
...
Theories of Learning
4
B
...
SKINNER
Operant Conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments
for behavior
...
It was coined by Burrhus Friedrich Skinner, more commonly known as B
...
Skinner
...
There are two
kinds of reinforcement:
Theories of Learning
5
Positive Reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an
individual finds rewarding
...
Punishment is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it
...
Negative Punishment, sometimes referred to as punishment by removal, occurs
when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs
...
Theories of Learning
6
ALBERT BANDURA
Albert Bandura states that behavior is learned from the environment through the process
of observational learning
...
This is illustrated
during the famous Bobo doll experiment of Bandura in 1961
...
At a later time,
they may imitate the behavior they have observed
...
COGNITIVISM
Cognitive theorists focus on how individuals process information, monitor, and manage
their thinking
...
Jean Piaget viewed intellectual growth as a process of adaptation to the world
...
Accommodation – involves modifying one’s existing cognitive schema as a result
of new information or new experiences in order to adapt to the new experience
...
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
Theories of Learning
10
LEV VYGOTSKY
Lev Vygotsky stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the process of cognitive
development
...
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO): anyone who has a better understanding or a higher
ability level than the learner
...
Theories of Learning
11
HOWARD GARDNER
Howard Gardner identifies nine intelligences and he proposes that one unitary intelligence
is not a good way to describe human intellect
...
He called it the multiple intelligences
...
Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence: the ability to use language to express what’s on your mind and
to understand other people
...
Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: the ability to manipulate numbers, quantities, and
operations like the way a mathematician does
...
Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence: the ability to think in music; to be able to hear patterns,
recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them
...
Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence: the ability to use your whole body or parts of your body to
solve a problem, make something, or put on some kind of production
...
Spatial Intelligence: the ability to represent the spatial world internally in your mind
...
Naturalistic Intelligence: the ability to discriminate among living things and sensitivity to other
features of the natural world
...
Intrapersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand yourself; knowing who you are, what you
can do, what you want to do, how you react to things, which things to avoid, and which things to
gravitate toward
...
Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand other people
...
Existential Intelligence: the ability and proclivity to pose and ponder questions about life,
death, and ultimate realities
...
ABRAHAM MASLOW
Abraham Maslow’s theory of self-actualization is a set of ideas about what people need to
become and stay healthy
...
The Hierarchy of Needs suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before
moving on to other, more advanced needs
...
Physiological Needs: These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the
need for water, air, food, and sleep
...
Theories of Learning
14
2
...
Security needs are important for
survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs
...
Social Needs: These include needs for belonging, love, and affection
...
Relationships such as friendships,
romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as
does involvement in social, community, or religious groups
...
Esteem Needs: After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs become increasingly
important
...
5
...
Selfactualization people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the
opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential
Title: Theories of Learning
Description: This is a class lecture about Theories of Learning. References are included since some of the contents are sensitive topics. You can learn about the following: • THEORIES OF LEARNING o Behaviorism o Cognitivism o Humanistic Theory
Description: This is a class lecture about Theories of Learning. References are included since some of the contents are sensitive topics. You can learn about the following: • THEORIES OF LEARNING o Behaviorism o Cognitivism o Humanistic Theory