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RESEARCH PROCESS /
RESEARCH TOPIC
(Class Lecture in Research Writing)
Part 1

Research Process / Research Topic

2

RESEARCH PROCESS
Research is a process of inquiry
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In elementary, we are trained to think using the scientific method as a means
to verify the reality around us
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We know this as either thinking inductively or
deductively
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Research Process / Research Topic

3

Science is not perfect, but it is the best way we can understand the world
around us
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Involves the following:
o Literature review (conflicts and gaps)
o Hypothesis Formulation
o Statement of the Problem

Designing Phase
Researcher plans the methods of the study to efficiently investigate and solve
the problem
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Empirical Phase
Researcher implements the methodology they have planned for earlier,
following ethical compliance
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Involves the following:
o Data Analysis and Interpretation
o Conclusions and Recommendations

Dissemination Phase
Researcher presents and/or publishes the findings to the public
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Research Process / Research Topic

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TYPES OF RESEARCH
Basic vs
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Basic research is also “used to address theoretical questions regarding the
mechanism and processes of behavior”
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Applied research is also “used to address questions that can lead to
immediate solutions to practical problems”
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Qualitative Research
Quantitative research “uses the scientific method to record observations as
numeric data”
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Research Process / Research Topic

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CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC
Research topics come from different sources
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One defining trait of a researcher is curiosity
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However, a research topic does not just come from a tree
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Is it interesting?
Is it novel?
Is it helpful/ necessary to your school or community?
Is it a solution to an existing problem?
Research topics must also be aligned with global/ local research topics and
agenda
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Research Process / Research Topic

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Research Topic or a Problem
A topic is the main organizing principle guiding the preparation of a
research report
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Topics represent the core subject matter of scholarly communication
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Research Process / Research Topic

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How to approach your chosen topic?
Step 1:
Understand what the topic is about
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Focus on identifying sources (literature) that support as well as refute this
position:
 Has anybody written about this?
 If yes, what is it about specifically?
 If no, what gap is my study filling in?

Caution!
It is ok to review related literature to help refine how you will approach
analyzing a topic, and then discover that the topic is not all that interesting after
all
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Do not wait too long to make a
switch, and be sure to consult with your supervisor first
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Do not just review what you have already read but jump ahead in the
syllabus to readings that have not been covered yet
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Strategy 3: Browse through some current journals in your
subject discipline
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You only need one to be the spark that begins the process of wanting to learn
more about a topic
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Strategy 4: Past Essays
Think about essays you have written for past classes and other coursework
you have taken or academic lectures and programs you have attended
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Use this coverage to refine your idea into something that you would like to
investigate further but in a more deliberate, scholarly way based on a
problem to research
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Research Process / Research Topic

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CONSIDERATIONS FOR SELECTING A
RESEARCH PROBLEM
These are individual assessments a researcher goes through before
finalizing on his topic
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1
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 One should select a topic of great interest to sustain the required motivation
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Magnitude (Scope)
 It is extremely important to select a topic that you can manage within the
time and resources at your disposal
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3
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 e
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How do you measure these words?
“congestion”, “efficiency”, “growth”, “malfunction”, etc
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Level of Expertise
 Make sure that you have adequate knowledge or expertise for the task you
are proposing since you need to do the work yourself
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Relevance/Significance
 Ensure that your study
o adds to the existing body of knowledge,
o bridges current gaps in knowledge, and
o is useful in policy formulation
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6
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 Getting information for your research is very critical to any research
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Ethical Issues
 Ethical issues are research processes and findings that affect the sensibilities
and rights of research participants
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