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Plants: Structure and
Function
Subject:Biology
Structure
• Plants are the beauty of nature
...
There are many types of the plants on the Earth
including flowering plants and non-flowering plants
...
We will discuss the structures of the plants that are produced
from the seeds
...
They grow out
of the seeds during the germination
...
• It provides a good grip to the stem of a plant so that it can stand
against the wind
...
Examples of these plants
are carrots and potatoes
...
All the parts of the plants are connected to
the stems
...
But as they grow older, their stems turn their color
and become hard
...
• It carries the water and nutrient absorbed by the roots to all parts of a plant
...
Buds
• Buds look like a bump on the stem of a plant
...
Leaves
• Leaves are the important part of the plants, which have green color (not all plants have green
colored leaves)
...
In
photosynthesis, plants take the carbon dioxide from the air and light from the Sun to make food
...
Flowers
• When the plants become mature, they produce flowers (only flowering plants produce flowers)
...
They play an important role in the
reproduction of the flowering plants
...
Fruits
• Fruits are the parts of plants that bear its seeds
...
Making delicious fruits is the strategy used by plants to disperse it seeds to
different locations
...
Function
• Plants have an important feature that makes them different from
other organisms – they are autotrophs (self-feeding)
...
In contrast, humans and other
animals are heterotrophs, which means that we get our food from
outside of ourselves
Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is the process in which plants convert the light energy captured by chloroplasts to
chemical energy needed for daily survival
...
Carbohydrates are compounds including all simple sugars (e
...
, sucrose or ‘table sugar’) as well as
complex sugars such as starch and cellulose which store energy in plants
...
g
...
They can also be
stored in fruit as pectin, which is the reason that fruit can be so sweet
...
Respiration
• Respiration is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis
...
The energy released
is transferred to a new molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
...
This process
releases carbon dioxide and water
...
Transpiration
• Transpiration is the term for the evaporation of water from the surface of leaves and stems
...
Water produced during respiration exits the plant through
specialized structures called stomata (little pores in the leaf that can open and close, as needed) (see Figure
16)
...
Water
initially enters the plant through the roots by the process of osmosis
...
• When water availability is limited, the plant has to conserve water
...
This
results in decreased rates of photosynthesis which slows growth
...
During this time, the plant can use its stored energy
...
This happens through a balance between water and nutrient uptake through the
roots and energy uptake through the leaves
...
Transpiration
•
Fun Facts
• Flowers have eye-catching colors and good smell to attract the insects
and animals to carry their pollen
...
• Some plants eat insects as their food
...