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Bolded means he said take note

Myeloblast
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Makes up 0-3% of nucleated cells
Size: 14-20um
3 types
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Type 1
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High N:C ratio
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Slightly basophilic cytoplasm
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Fine nuclear chromatin
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2-4 visible nucleoli
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No visible granules
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Type 2
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Presence of primary (azurophilic) granules in cytoplasm
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Granules don’t exceed 20 per cell
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Type 3
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Darker chromatin and more purple cytoplasm
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>20 granules that don’t obscure the nuclear
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Rarely found in normal bone marrow

Neutrophilic Myelocyte
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In the bone marrow, comprises 6-17%
Final stage where mitosis occurs
Primary granules are no longer produced
Start of secondary or “specific” granules
Cytoplasm: becomes lavender pink due to specific granules
Decreasing cytoplasm nucleus ratio

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte
Promyelocyte
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1-5% of nucleated cells in the bone marrow
Larger than myeloblasts
Size: 16-25 um in diameter
Nucleus: Oval and eccentric
Cytoplasm: basophilic and ​filled with azurophilic granules
1-3 nucleoli are present, covered with granules

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3-20% of nucleated marrow cells
No cell division occurs
Nucleus: “kidney bean”​ or “peanut shaped”
Absent nucleoli
Tertiary (gelatinase) granules start to be produced

Eosinophilic Segmenter
Neutrophilic Band
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9-32% of nucleated marrow cells
0-5% of nucleated peripheral blood cells
RNA is absent, no basophilia
Tertiary granule production continues
Secretory granules start being made
Nuclear indentation​ is more than ½ the nuclear diameter, ​no segmentation yet

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Half life is roughly 18 hours, prolonged when eosinophilia occurs
Nucleus is usually bilobed
Cytoplasms contains large, bright red-orange, secondary granules that have enzymes and
proteins
1-3% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow
1-3% of peripheral blood
Eosinophil granules contain cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and cationic proteins

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Functions
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Immune regulation: act as antigen presenting cells and promote effector T cells proliferation
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Hallmark of allergic disorders
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Eosinophilia occurs in parasitic helminth infections, and are capable of destroying
tissue-invading helminths

Basophilic Segmenters
Neutrophilic Segmenter aka Polymorphonuclear Cell (PMN)
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Size: 10-15 um
N:C ratio= 1:3
Normal reference range in the blood: 60-70%
Half life is 4-8 hours in the blood and about a day in the tissues
Nucleus: has coarse, clumped chromatin with 3-5 lobes connected by thin filaments
Cytoplasm is pink and filled with small, pale blue to pink specific/ secondary granules
Major function is phagocytosis and destruction of foreign material and microorganisms
Seeking (chemotaxis, motilit, and diapedesis) and destruction (phagocytosis and digestion)

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Size: 10-15 micrometers
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Cytoplasm: large, purple-black, secondary granules containing heparin and histamine
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Granules are numerous and ​obscure the nucleus
Reference range
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0-2% in circulating leukocytes
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<1% of nucleated cells in the bone marrow
Functions
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Initiators of allergic inflammation through the release of preformed cytokines
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Involved in the control of helminth infections

Lymphocyte
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Size: 7-18 micrometers
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2nd most numerous WBC in blood
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Round/oval or slightly indented nucleus: condensed chromatin
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(very little) Scant-moderate amount of blue cytoplasm: Few azurophilic granules
Function: play an immune response role
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B-cells act in humoral immunity: produce antibodies
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T-cells or NK cells act in cellular immunity: initiate attack to foreign organisms or cells directly
Circulating lymphocytes:
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B-cells: 3-21%
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T-cells: 88%
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Natural killer (NK) cells: 4-29%

Plasma Cell
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Size: 9-20 microns
Nucleus: Dark purple, ovoid and​ eccentrically placed, with a wheel-spoke pattern
Cytoplasm is abundant and deep blue ​with a clear area next to the nucleus
Plasma cells develop from B cells that have been activated a s form of immune response
Their primary function is to produce antibodies against substances that the antibody considers
as “foreign”
Associated conditions: Plasma cells dyscrasias, response to infection specially of viral origin

Monocytes
Plasmablast
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Size: 12-15 microns
N:C ratio=4:1
Nucleus is round with an increased N:C ratio
Nucleus: purplish red with fine and linear strands of chromatin
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​ Nucleus stains with fine, delicate linear stands of chromatin
N:C ratio: 1:1
Cytoplasm: blue-gray, finely granular (ground glass) appearance
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May contain varying amounts of granules
Auer rods: Reddish-purple, rod shaped cytoplasmic inclusions which results from the alignment of
primary granules (Characteristic for acute myelogenous leukemia)
Associated conditions: acute myelocytic leukemia (FAB M1 and M2)

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Size: 14-18 microns
Type of lymphoblast (L3 FAB Classification)
Nucleus: oval to round, purple, and has a finely stippled and homogenous chromatin pattern
Increased N:C ratio= 5:1 to 4:1 with 1-2 nucleoli are often prominent
Cytoplasm is intensely basophilic with prominent vacuolization​ (characteristic of conditions)
Associated conditions​: Burkitt’s lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia L3
MEGAKARYOCYTE PLATELET

Reactive Lymphocyte
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Increased size! Size: 10-25 microns
Nucleus: oval, notched, indented, or elongated
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​ May be partially
indented ​by adjacent red cells
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Nucleoli is absent
N:C ratio of 1:1 to 1:12
Cytoplasm: Pinkish-blue with many reddish
blue granules

Platelets
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Size: 1-4 microns
Nucleus is absent
Cytoplasm: light blue with small
reddish-blue granules
Platelets are anucleate ​cytoplasmic
discs derived from megakaryocytes in
the blood
Functions in hemostasis, thrombosis,
inflammation, and vascular biology
Derived from proplatelets which come
from the fragmentation of the
megakaryocytes’ cytoplasm in the BM



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