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DEVCOM1
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Explain why the view about development changed over the years;
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Give the reasons why there is no universal definition of development and;
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In the 1950s and 1960s, developed nations equated Third World development
with economic growth
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In the 1970s, while growth was registered in the Third World in the standard
indicators of economic output, an average of about five percent per year, the condition
of the poorer sectors, which include the majority of the population, stagnated or
worsened (Lopez, 1980)
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As Lopez (1980) said, the persistence of poverty in the
developing countries is due to two related phenomena
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The second is the international division of labor created and maintained by the
industrialized countries
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In the context of developing countries, therefore, what is development?
Seers (1969) said that it involves raising the mass of the people from poverty,
illiteracy, unemployment, and social inequality
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Quebral (1971) shared the same view
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She added that development requires that the mass of the
people with a low rate of illiteracy and income, and the socioeconomic attributes that go
with it first of all be informed about and motivated to accept and use a sizeable body of
Page 1 of 3

DEVCOM1
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Although economists still maintain that economic growth is the foundation of
development, they have now seen fit to include other dimensions
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Quintana (1975) concurred by saying that it is
economic growth with social justice
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This development has to be compatible with
more equitable distribution of income and wealth with the ultimate goal of achieving
social development
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She included technological
and cultural development
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It is the acquisition of new skills in the farms and
houses
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This refers to the application of new agricultural
practices to increase food production
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Social and cultural development
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The view of development as a change process concurs with the description of
Jamias (1973) as to how a social scientist looks upon development- as change in the
patterns of culture and society
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It is
“inducing positive attitudes and values among rural folks (Javier, 1975)
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Development is also regarded as having three core values (Todaro, 1977)
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The concept of life sustenance is shared by Chanco (1976)
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Page 2 of 3

DEVCOM1
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Schumacher (1975) emphasized, for instance, that development does not
start with goods
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To him
“the alleviation of poverty depends primarily on the removal of these deficiencies
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All three must evolve step by step and the
foremost task of development must be to speed this evolution
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Ong (1976), therefore, says that it really means developing people
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The development factors, according to Ong, are
economy, social justice, moral values, and attitudes
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He
viewed development as a process through which a society achieves increased control
over the environment and its political destiny
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Based on the sample definitions given, it can be concluded that there is no
universal definition of development
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There are several reasons for
this
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Development is also multi-dimensional
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The process aspect of development is another reason
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In other words, as a process, development keeps on changing
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For once it loses its dynamism, it ceases to be a
process

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