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What do you know separation and purification techniques in biological
sciences?
❖ Separation and purification techniques
Filtration
Filtration is a simple process in which we used filter medium for the
separation of solid particles or suspended particles from the mixture or
solution/ fluids
...
In this process, filters are used for the
separation of impurities that may be in the form of solid, liquid or gas
...

In the biological sciences bio filters are used on molecular level to
control the air pollution and some bacteria are also used for cleansing
the water
...
So, the filtration
process is an important process which is involved in the chemistry,
physical and also in biological or medical laboratories for various
purposes
...
When the fluid
is passed through the medium the solid particles cannot pass but the
pure liquid is passed out
...
The rate of filtration is maximum at the beginning of
filtration
...
HEPA filters are used in
biomedical labs to keep environment clean from microbes
...

❖ Centrifugation, types and its applications
Centrifugation is the simple process in which the centrifugal force is
used for the separation of various particles from the fluids on the basis
of their size, density and also the viscosity of the medium
...
There are various types of
centrifuge like as micro-centrifuge, low speed and high speed centrifuge,
ultracentrifugation and differential centrifugations are present in the
biological researches laboratories
...
High speed centrifuge
run at 30,000 RPM and it is used for the separation of cells debris and
organelles
...
So, centrifugation
machines are used in the biomedical labs for the separation of cells from
the fluids
...


Chromatography
It is a simple process that is used for the separation of components from
the mixture on the basis of their chemical properties
...
In this process the separation of particles
consists of two phases one is the constant or stationary phase while the
other one is mobile phase in which fluids move over the stationary
phase under gravity
...

➢ Applications of chromatography
In pharmaceutical sectors it is used in drug development, detection
of components and their compositions and the separation of various
types of compounds
...
In forensic labs it is
used for the analysis of blood of crime person
...


DNA extraction
It is technical method that is used for the isolation of DNA from the
biological cells
...
DNA is present in the nucleus of
the cells that is the hereditary material which is extracted from
different methods
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Then the centrifugation process
will be start to remove the debris from DNA
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➢ Application
It is widely used in the forensic labs, biomedical labs,
biotechnological labs and other biological labs for various purposes
...
It is also useful to identify the paternity of the children
...
In
forensic laboratories it is used to identify the suspected person
...
Its abundance of use in the clinical labs,
biochemistry and in molecular biology for various purposes like as to
segregate the macromolecules (DNA & RNA) and also protein to be
separate on the basis of charges
...
The DNA have the

negative charge that move to-ward the positive charge and the bands
of DNA is separate out now we determine and observe the DNA
...
In forensic labs that process is used to identify the DNA
fingerprinting of the criminals
...
In microbiology labs this
method is used to identify the various microbes
...
This process consists of three steps
which are extraction, homogenization and centrifugation
...
Organelles and other biological
molecules are extracted in the cell free system, cells and tissues are
suspended into the solution of proper pH and other salt contents for
maintaining the biological activity
...
Then the centrifugation is held for the
removal of small particles from the solution on the basis of their
shape, density, size and also on the viscosity of the medium
...
The cells rupturing by that process and the removal of
components like as nucleic acids, metabolites and proteins that is
the effected method to releasing the cells’ components
...
m
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org/wiki/Filtration
https://en
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wikipedia
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com/chromatography-principle-types-andapplications/
https://en
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wikipedia
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m
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org/wiki/Cell_fractionation#:~:text=Cell%20fra
ctionation%20is%20the%20process,location%20of%20various%20bio
chemical%20processes



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