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THE BLOOD
 Blood can be defined as a connective tissue and also a thick fluid which differs in color,
depending on oxygen and hemoglobin concentration from bright to dark red
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COMPOSITIONS OF BLOOD

Plasma - 55%
WBC <1%

Platelets <1%

RBC - 45%

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Plasma - 55%
White blood cells (Leukocytes) - less than 1%
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) - 45%
Platelets (Thrombocytes) - less than 1%

(A) Plasma :- It is a dark yellowish color fluid consists of 92% of water and remaining 8%
of it includes…
...
WBC’s are mainly responsible for providing defense mechanism against several
infectious and harmful foreign body agents which can cause different types of infection
to our body
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 Life span :- 13 – 20 Days
 Normal range :- 4,000 – 11,000 per micro liter



There are mainly 2 types of white blood cells…
Granulocytes

1
...
Eosinophils
3
...
B lymphocytes
2
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Neutrophils :- These are mainly responsible for stopping the entry and spread
of foreign body substances to our body and also to remove waste materials out
from our body
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Eosinophils :- Eosinophils are mainly responsible for engulfment or
phagocytosis of foreign body agents who entered to our body and present in our
blood stream
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Basophils :- Basophils have a specific role as they got activated after any
allergic reaction of our body and tends to increase in number in case of any
allergy
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Monocytes :- These are mainly responsible for providing defense mechanism
and back up support to our body when it fights against chronic and severe
infectious agents
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Lymphocytes :- There are mainly 2 types of lymphocytes…
(i)
B lymphocytes :- The main function of B lymphocytes is to

(ii)

produce antibodies in order to support and strengthen our body’s
immune system against any type of foreign body substances
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(C) Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) :- These can be defined as the cells which have tiny
structure and flattened disc shape and contains 45% of total blood volume
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 The main component of RBC’s is hemoglobin which is responsible for providing
red color to blood by mixing with oxygen because hemoglobin also contains iron
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 Hemoglobin normal value in males : 13 – 17 mg/dl
 Hemoglobin normal value in females : 12 – 15 mg/dl
 Life span of RBC’s :- 120 Days

 Normal value of RBC’s :- 4
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Platelets mainly responsible for blood
clotting or to stop bleeding with the help of several blood clotting factors
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There is no any factor (vi)
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Blood mainly transports oxygen to all the body organs, tissues and
cells and receives carbon dioxide from all body parts and helps
lungs to collect it and after that lungs expels it out
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Blood is also responsible for transporting food, vitamins,
hormones and other necessary minerals to our body`s cells, which
helps our body cells to work efficiently and properly
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Blood is also responsible for transporting waste products from all
body cells and helps in it`s collection into responsible body organs
like kidney, skin, extra from where it can be excreted out
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Blood is also responsible for maintaining a normal body
temperature with the help of continuous circulation throughout
the body
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Blood also provides defense mechanism to our body against
foreign infectious agents as it contains infection killing
components (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, t-lymphocytes,
b-lymphocytes)

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