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The Ovary
The ovary is a ductless reproductive gland that produces female reproductive cells
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The ovary is required for reproduction because it produces female reproductive cells or
ova
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Before puberty, ovaries are little
more than lengthy bundles of tissue
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Mature ovaries
are around the size of a huge grape
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Ligaments linked to the uterus keep them in place
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They first hide and guard the eggs that a female gives birth to until
they are ready for utilization
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Second, the ovaries generate female reproductive hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, as
well as some minor hormones such as relaxin and inhibin
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They are employed by the body to aid in the development of adult female traits
such as breasts and bigger hips, as well as in the reproduction cycle
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Relaxin relaxes the pelvic
ligaments, allowing them to stretch during delivery
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Third, in each menstrual cycle, the ovaries release one egg, maybe more
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There are follicles inside each ovary, and each follicle contains a latent egg
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By the time a female reaches sexual maturity,
she will have around 34,000 follicles
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The egg and follicle develop and mature here
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Mature follicles, known as Graafian follicles, can reach a diameter of around 1
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The mature egg follicle ruptures, releasing the egg into the closest fallopian tube
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The body releases progesterone to thicken the uterine lining and make it more receptive
to the arriving egg
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These cells, known as the corpus luteum, function as temporary glands
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During menstruation, the egg is evacuated from the uterus
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If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum — and eventually the fetus' placenta — continues to produce
progesterone
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Ovulation can be prevented by stress or other circumstances on occasion
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Diseases and Disorders
Osteoporosis
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Menopause is characterized by the rapid depletion of estrogen
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Estrogen is on the osteoblasts' side, but when estrogen levels drop, the
osteoblasts are discouraged from creating additional bone
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During
menopause, estrogen replacement treatment maintains bone mass and reduces the incidence of
osteoporotic fractures
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Ovarian cancer is a deadly yet uncomm