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MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS-NOTES FOM MANAGEMENT BY BOVEE

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
Wherever they live, whatever they do, organizations are part of people’s everyday lives
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Whether they are run by the government, operated as a business, or
devoted to improving society, these organizations have a profound effect on everyone
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Organization Defined
An organization is a group of people working together in a deliberately structured
situation to accomplish group goals
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Obviously, not all organizations are alike, so to distinguish between
various types of organization, it is helpful to classify them according to their primary
purpose
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Also, organizations can be categorized according to their
ownership as private sector (commercial businesses) or public sector (government)
organizations
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Although most organization can be categorized according
to the dimensions of profit, goals and ownership, some organizations aren’t easily
classified because of mixed ownership or multiple goals
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For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations: A for-profit organization is an
organization that exists primarily to make money for its owners
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Even when that don’t actually make a profit,
businesses still remain for-profit organizations because their goal is to be profitable
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In
contrast, a not-for –profit organization primarily focuses on social, cultural, or political
goals rather than or making profits
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Even though not-for-profit
organizations often sell goods and services and collect money from a variety of donors,
profit is not their objective
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However this doesn’t imply that the line between forprofit and not-for-profit organization is absolutely clear
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Manufacturing and Service Organization: A second way to classify
organization is according to their output of products, the goods or services they
produce
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Goods are tangible, so they can be
touched, seen, measured, and otherwise physically evaluated by customers
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In contrast, service organizations produce
services, activities that provide some value to the recipient such as financial, legal,
medical, or recreational benefits
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Moreover,
services are generally produced at the same time the customer uses them, so they
cannot be stored
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Manufacturing organizations often bundle services along with tangible item
they produce, just as service organizations frequently include goods in their service
offerings
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The combination of goods and services produced by manufacturing and service
organizations determines the unique challenges faced by their managers
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Organizations such as elementary schools
and prison systems are considered part of the public sector because they are
controlled by the government
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On the other hand,
organizations such as manufacturing plants and stores are generally considered to be
in the private sector because they are under private rather than government control
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Management and Organizational Goals
Managers in all types of organizations are expected to apply management functions
and techniques to achieve their organizations’ goals
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Because their main goal is profit, the managers of forprofit organizations find that they must pay close attention to the needs and wants of
their customers if they wish to make money
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MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS-NOTES FOM MANAGEMENT BY BOVEE
Even organizations in the public sector have customers in the sense that individuals
and other organizations benefit from the services these organizations provide
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Public sector managers sometimes find managing more difficult than private sector
managers because their organizational goals are more ambiguous, often debatable and
sometimes conflicting
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For instance, U
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Also public sector managers often have difficulty gauging how
well they are achieving their goals, because some goals such as public safety or better
living standards are not easily measured
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Organizational and personal performance:
Managers and organizations are continually evaluated to see how well they accomplish
organizational goals
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compiles a yearly survey of America’s
fastest growing private companies; magazines rate international cities according to
cost of lodging or transportation
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Effectiveness is the measure of whether an organization is accomplishing its goals
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, then its performance suffers
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Are people’s efforts being wasted? Are money and
materials squandered to reach the goal? Even when an organization is efficient, it can
be ineffective if the focus is on efficiently doing the wrong things
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Of course, individual managers and organizations must be evaluated according to a
performance standard that’s appropriate for their work
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Performance is personal as well as organizational:
managers are responsible for the performance of the people they manage as well as for
their own progress toward organizational goals
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Customers are the ultimate
judges of management performance: “Results exist only the outside,” says,

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS-NOTES FOM MANAGEMENT BY BOVEE
management expert Peter F
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If a company’s customers are not satisfied, if a
team’s fan are not happy, or if a city’s residents are leaving in great numbers, then
management has not performed well

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