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lOMoARcPSD|122 102 17

BIOL 101 Chapter 1 Outline an Introduction to
the Science of Life
BIOLOGY

Downloaded by wakathamba ngii (wakathash@gmail
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All living organisms share certain properties
a
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i
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ii
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b
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Reproduction: All organisms reproduce their own kind
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Growth and Development: Information carried by genes controls the pattern of
growth in all organisms
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Energy Use: Every organism takes in energy, converts it to useful forms, and
expels energy
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Order: Each living thing has a complex but well-organized structure
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Cells: All living organisms consist of cell(s)
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Response to the Environment: All organisms respond to changes in the
environment
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vii
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Over many generations, such adaptations
drive the evolution of populations
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A virus is not alive because it does not display all of the properties for life
simultaneously
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Core Idea: Biology is the scientific study of life
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Nonliving matter never displays all of these characteristics of life
simultaneously
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Life can be studied at many levels
a
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Biosphere: The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and all of the
environments that support life, from the deepest oceans to high in the
atmosphere
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Ecosystem: An ecosystem includes all the living organisms in one particular
area as well as the nonliving components that affect life, such as soil, air, and
sunlight
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Community: A community consists of all the interacting populations of organisms
occupying an ecosystem
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iv
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v
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vi
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vii
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4
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6
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viii
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Cell:
x
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Molecule:
xii
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Core Idea: Life can be studied on a hierarchy of levels from the very large to the very
small
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Scientists use well-established methods to investigate the natural world
a
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Careful
observations and experimentation allow scientists to investigate hypotheses and
develop theories
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Core Idea: To most clearly investigate hypotheses, scientists try to change just one
variable per experiment
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Performing experiments blind can reduce bias
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Core Idea: Biology is limited to the study of life via recognized scientific approaches
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Other ways of thinking, such as pseudoscience, are not considered part of biology
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Core Idea: Scientists report data using tables and graphs
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Several major themes run throughout the study of biology
a
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