Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Bio 101 Notes
MUTATION AND
VARIATIONCUT
OBJECTIVE 26!!!
NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
- Mendelian = Complete Dominance
- Only the dominant allele’s protein is produced
- When a yellow and purple parent produce a purple offspring
- Not all traits are simply determined by a single dominant and a single recessive allele
...
- Codominance
- A lot of each allele’s protein is produced
...
- Sex-Linked Traits
- Gene for trait is on portion of “X” chromosomes not matched by “Y”
COMPLEXITY
- Variable Expression: All cells in an organism have the same genes, but only some are
used
...
- Modifier Genes: Some genes can modify the effect of another gene
...
- Causes of Mutations
- Mistakes during DNA replication
- Damage from external agents (mutagens)
- Defenses Against Mutation
- Mutation repair proteins
- Effects of Mutations
- Primary Impact: No change (in protein or cell function)
- Less Frequent: Negative Impact
- Rare: Positive Impact
Day 6
1/24/2020
DEVELOPMENT
EXAM ON MONDAY AT 7PM!!!!
FRUIT FLIES
- “Fruit Fly” Drosophila Melanogaster
- Easy to care for
- Short generation time (7+ days)
- Large numbers of offspring
- Identifiable mutations
- Fruit fly mutations
- Different eye color, eye shape, wings, color
...
- Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945)
- Demonstrated that genes are located on chromosomes
...
- Famous for his paper where he talks about genetics and evolution
...
- Fruit Fly Genome
- A genome is all of the hereditary information found in an organism
...
- (2N -> 1N)
- Meiosis has an E and Sex has an E
- Fertilization: (1N + 1N = 2N)
- Mitosis: a cell make a genetic copy (2N -> 2N)
- Excessive Mitosis: Cancer
GENES AND DEVELOPMENT
- See Diana’s Pictures
- Master Control Genes
- HOX Genes: organize head, thorax, abdomen
- Different species have many similar genes
- Myosin Protein - allows fruit flies muscles to work for flight
- Different species have similar proteins
- Kinase proteins necessary for mitosis
- If different species have many similar genes, where do the differences come from?
- Only a small part of DNA is genes, the rest is non-coding (“junk”) DNA
- Transposons - non-coding DNA that can be copied and move around
- Increased variation
NATURE VS NURTURE
- Genetics and the environment can impact phenotypes
...
- Methyl added to bases represses genes
- Molecules attach to histone proteins alter surrounding DNA activity
- Possible Paradigm Switch: Inheritance = DNA + Chemicals?