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---

St
...
Clemente
Aeren Jiro T
...
Enriquez
Alexandra Loraine C
...
Villaruz
Grade 12- St
...
Marilou L
...

To the libraries we went to for the supporting related literature needed for
supporting our study
To Sir Alfonso Victor Castro, our dearest adviser, together with the English
Department for helping us in proofreading our study
...
For being our inspiration, which increased our motivation in
accomplishing this study
...

Marilou L
...
Words are never enough to describe the
support and lessons you have taught us
...
Paul College of Bocaue
for giving us the opportunity to conduct this study
...
Social Learning Theory is the theory that guided the
researchers which states that people can learn from one another via observation,
imitation, and modeling
...
The total number of respondents from Grade 11 is 102
out of 134 with an equal representation in each section of St
...
Titus,
St
...
Stephen
...
The study revealed
that the most prominent type of role model is the same-gender role model
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
...
7
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………………………
...
9
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………
...
……11
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………
...
… 15
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………………
...
17

II
...
18
Literatures about Behavior…………………………………………………
...


METHODS AND PROCEDURES ……………………………………………
...
23
Respondents of the study…………………………………………………………
...
… 25
Data Gathering Procedures…………………………………………………
...
29

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

IV
...
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………………
...
38
Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………
...
43

Bibliography ………………………………………………
...
…25
Table 2: Code Scale and Interpretation of Deportment Grade ………………
...
……30
Table 4: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to
Role Model…………………………………
...
32
Table 6: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Deportment Level in Terms of
Role Model ………………………………………
...
……………………………………………35
Table 8: One Way ANOVA Single Facto: Effects of Role Model to the
Behavior …………………………
...
27

List of Appendices
A
...
…46

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

7

Chapter I
Background of the Study
Introduction
For a long time, behaviorism was the only theory of learning that was widely
accepted in the field of psychology
...
Learning from the environment by
observing models became a known process leading to behavior change and often
times, children learn their behavior at home may it be heard, read, or observed
...
This is where role
model can be associated
...
Merton in 1936
and it is referred to a person whose behavior, example, or success is or can be
emulated by others, especially by younger people
...
This may be the basis of children for

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

8

their potential role models depending on what they see and observe because
family has always been an important factor in a child’s development
...
M
...
, & Zimmerman M
...
(2011) noted the importance of adults in
adolescent’s lives, particularly citing that adults become role models whose an
adolescent can look up to as he forms his identity
...
, & Zimmerman M
...

(2011) also noted that parents are the primary role model of a child because when
he was born, he does not have any social knowledge or skills
...

Social Learning Theory, also called Observational Learning, proposed by
Albert Bandura in 1977 occurs when an observer’s behavior changes after
viewing the behavior of a model
...
For example, if a mother primps herself up in front of her daughter, then
her daughter may be influenced to try out cosmetic products brought by their
curiosity due to their young age
...
Therefore, the
researchers wanted to identify the significant effect between having a role model

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

9

of the same and opposite gender to the behavior of the Grade 11 Senior High
School of St
...
Paul College of Bocaue
...
Paul College of Bocaue?
The researchers sought answers to the following specific problems:
1
...
1 Gender
1
...
3 Deportment Grade
2
...
What is the deportment level of the students in terms of role model?
4
...
Behavior
•

Outstanding (90-100)

•

Very Satisfactory (8589)

The researchers

and Opposite

used the ECR-RS

Gender Role Model

75)

Questionnaire

to the Behavior of

Did Not Meet

designed by R
...
Role model
•

Same Gender

•

Opposite Gender

•

Both Gender

•

No Role Model

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

11

Theoretical Framework
Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (1977), states that people learn
from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling
...

This theory was associated to this study on how students learn not to cheat
by watching their fellow student be punished for cheating, a child learns a science
concept by demonstration from the teacher, or a child can show observational
learning of how to drive a car by making appropriate motions after seeing their
parent driving
...

Attachment Theory
Attachment Theory was postulated by John Bowlby in 1958
...
Attachment is a
deep and enduring bond that connects one person to another one across time
and space
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

12

In relation to the study, children or students may learn from their primary
caregiver and parental interaction
...
This was further emphasized by the Strange
Situation Test conducted by Ainsworth in 1978
...
Avoidant-attached
has an indifferent reaction regardless of the caregiver’s presence
...
This
means that a child act as to how attached they are to their parents since they are
the first teachers or primary caregiver that influences their behavior
...

Kelley’s Covariation Model
Harold Kelley proposed this model in the year 1967
...
When a person’s
behavior is seen all the time, it is probably through a series of observing the doings
of others
...
Consensus is defined as the covariation of
behavior across people
...

The uniqueness in a particular situation is called the distinctiveness
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

13

The theory was related to the study as to how the students can acquire
behaviors through multiple observations in their surroundings
...
As a result, the
children could acquire a new behavior that was derived through observations
...
This lead to the idea that parent’s acts are highly consensus
...
Lastly, if
children do household chores every time their parents are around means that they
are highly consistent of what they do
...
(Hurd N
...
, & Zimmerman
M
...
(Price-Mitchell, 2017)

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

14

Operational
Role model was measured using the standardized test Relationship
Structures (ECR - RS) Questionnaire by R
...

Behavior
Conceptual
...
(Benitez, 2019)

•

Behavior is a complex relationship of three elements which are the
actions, cognition and emotions
...
Cognitions are thoughts that is either
verbal or non-verbal
...
These three are connected to each other in forming behaviors
...
2019)

•

Honey & Symbaluk (2013) described behavior as any activity that is
both observable and measurable

Operational
This variable was measured through the Deportment Grade of the Grade 11
Students of St
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

15

Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference on the behavior of the students of St
...
Paul
College of Bocaue in terms of role model

Significance of the Study
The results of the study may be of great benefit to the following:
Parents
The parents may be aware of how their actions influence their child as the
role models and will thrive to be a good example to their children, despite having
difference or likeness in gender and how their child perceived their actions
resulting in exhibiting the actions done by them in the school
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

16

Students
This study may benefit the students and may use this as a guide on
decision-making with or without influence of other people
...

Teachers
This study may help the teachers understand the influence of a role model
to the behavior of the students
...
This may improve the
student-teacher relationship as it can help the teacher show a positive influence
to the student
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

17

Scope and Delimitation
The role models were classified into four: Same Gender Role Model,
Opposite Gender Role Model, Both Gender Role Model and No Role Model
...

This study included all Grade 11 Students of the A
...
2019-2020 of St
...
The researchers presented a
standardized test that was based from Relationship Structures (ECR - RS)
Questionnaire by R
...
This measured one of the variables of this
study, which is the role model
...
Since there is
a diagram involved, the researchers have decided that if both have fell on the
same attachment, whichever is lower in their score will be considered as the
potential role model
...
Y
...
This was the chosen
determinant since the deportment grade summed up how the students behave in
school
...
This also presents the
synthesis of ideas from various literature such as books, journals and websites
that the researchers cited including foreign and local sources
...
According to the article, some
psychologists found out that children often “do as parents do, not as they say",
meaning children may consider following an example rather than setting any
statement, rule or prescription for good behaviors
...
This was further emphasized by an article written by Bloom
(2018), it stated that parents serve as role models through the examples they set
with their attitude and behavior within the family
...
Policymakers and politicians are often
recognized as potential role models to positively influence youth outcome, but
parents play a more vital role in adolescents’ development
...

(Hurd & Zimmerman, 2011)
...
A
role model should take his/her responsibility in a sense of influencing others
especially younger generation
...

Klumpp (2019), stated that children need same gender models, because it
influences the children to grow with proper knowledge in their gender
...

Children model themselves after their parents, for example, the personality
characteristics of family members
...
Parents are the most important models for their children
to follow (Madrid, 2005)
...

According to Guhasarkar (2015), both parents as role model is important
because values and life skills are adopted from them
...
First, the child loses his/her individuality as an
individual because children tend to imitate every action of their role model
...
Thus, people may consider inspirations but not follow them thoughtlessly
...
However, it is crucial in
imitation that the learner of the behavior is able to repeat the behavior learned
with a goal in mind and not just simply repeating what feels familiar to them
...
There is no equality in terms of the disciplinary
actions
...
Parents need to put an equal responsibility in disciplining themselves
and their own children
...

Positive role models who can be identified by adolescents on a personal
level can have a great impact in their lives, having higher grades and self-esteem
...
Having
the same gender role model can influence youth to have a better outcome so that
they prefer same gender role model than the opposite one
...
(Wise, 2019)
According to a journal written by Sulejmanović (2017), learning through
observation is synonymous to social learning through imitation of role models in
which a child adopts complex behavior without the model’s intention to be an
influencer
...
The observation through modeling may serve as guide for action of
a child
...
In this case, a father’s behavior will be considered as
acceptable in the eyes of the child and socially desirable that can be a factor for
them to be considered as role models since they are attached to the child first as
primary caregivers
...
Adolescents who have close
relationships that have been going on for several years can also classify it as
affectional bonds
...
Adult
attachment figures do only serve a protective function but also as a monitor and
basis of how they handle new opportunities to engage in risky behaviors because
they are viewed as "older and wiser"
...

Research Design
The researchers used a quasi-experimental design to determine the effects
of role models to the behavior of the Grade 11 students of St
...

Respondents of the Study
There were 134 Grade 11 students in St
...
The researchers selected its respondents in the
Senior High School department, specifically the Grade 11 students, because most
studies related to the research problem suggested that those who were
undergoing in their adolescence exhibit behaviors that they learned in their
childhood
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

𝒏=

24

𝑵
(𝟏 + 𝑵𝒆𝟐 )

N = number of samples
N = total population
E = margin of error
Slovin’s Formula:
𝒏=

𝟏𝟑𝟒
(𝟏 + 𝟏𝟑𝟒 ∗ 𝟎
...
𝟑𝟑𝟓)
=

𝟏𝟑𝟒
𝟏
...
𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
With the margin of error set to 5%, it was discovered that there should be
100 respondents in order to have accurate results
...
Since the school has
4 sections per year level, the researchers wanted to have an equal number of
female and male respondents to equally represent the data of the respondent’s
gender that was needed for the study
...
Stephen and St
...
Barnabas had an equal
number of 13 females and males of randomly selected students
...
Titus,
because of their small population size, had 10 females and 10 males of randomly
selected students, all of whom were subjected to be respondents of this study
...
63% of the total
population of the Grade 11 students of St
...
College of Bocaue, school year
2019 - 2020
...
Timothy (ABM)
St
...
Stephen (STEM B)
St
...
45%
25
...
45%
19
...
00%

Data Gathering Instrument
The data gathered was used to identify the role model of Grade 11 Senior
High School students of St
...
Chris Fraley
...
It includes
Secure, Preoccupied, Dismissive and Fearful-Avoidant
...
Preoccupied

26

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

Attachment refers to being completely intimate with others but are reluctant to get
close
...
Dismissive attachment is
comfortable

without

close

relationship

while

fearful-avoidant

is

being

uncomfortable with getting close to others
...

To identify the attachment of the respondents using the said
questionnaire, Items 1, 2, 3 and 4 were reversed (it will be subtracted from 8)
...
For items 7-9, it was added and
divided by 3
...
After
computing, the result will now be plotted in the diagram below to identify the
attachment style to their potential role model
...
The potential role model who got a higher result in terms of
closeness and depending type of attachment was automatically assumed to be
the role model
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

28

Table 2
Code Scale and Interpretation of Deportment Grade
Grade

Verbal Interpretation

100-90

Outstanding

89-85

Very Satisfactory

84-80

Satisfactory

79-75

Fairly Satisfactory

Below 75

Did Not Meet Expectation

Data Gathering Procedure
To be able to look into the role models of the respondents, a role model’s
scale was determined through the use of (ECR - RS) Questionnaire
...
Timothy first,
followed by St
...
Titus and lastly, St
...
The researchers
stayed with all the sections throughout the whole answering process to be able to
monitor if the respondents answered the question appropriately
...
Thus, the role model of the
respondents was deduced
...
After acquiring permission, the letters were distributed to all the

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

29

advisers of Grade 11 and they all prepared a list of the respondents’ deportment
grade with their signed name on it for documentation purposes
...

Statistical Tools
The researchers used the following statistical treatment in order to analyze
and interpret the data gathered:
Descriptive
1
...

2
...

Inferential
1
...


30

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Introduction
The results of statistical analysis and interpretation of data are presented
in this chapter
...
This chapter contains the frequency and percentage distribution of data
gathered and the testing of the hypothesis using chi squared test as the statistical
treatment
...
This was the used distribution by the
researchers to equally represent the gender
...
Titus
f
%
9 45
...
Timothy St
...
Stephen
f
%
f
%
f
%
9 32
...
46% 11 39
...
00% 12 42
...
00% 6 21
...
00%
1
3
...
00%
100
...
92%

12

42
...
77%
3
...
00%

2
3

7
...
71%
100
...
In St
...
In St
...
14% of students have Same Gender Role Model,
12 or 42
...
43% have
Both Gender Role Model, and 1 or 3
...
In
St
...
46% of students have Same Gender Role Model, 7 or
26
...
77% have Both
Gender Role Model, and 1 or 3
...
In St
...
29% of students have Same Gender Role Model,

32

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

12 or 42
...
14% have
Both Gender Role Model, and 3 or 10
...

Table 5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to
Deportment Grade

Section

Deportment Level
Outstanding

St
...
Titus
St
...
Stephen
Total:

Very
Fairly
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory

ƒ

%

ƒ

%

ƒ

%

ƒ

%

3
1
0
0
4

10
...
57%
30%
65
...
57%
60%
34
...
14%
5%
0
...
00%

Did not
Meet
Expectation
ƒ
%
0
0
0
0
0

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

Table 5 depicts the frequency of the Grade 11 student’s deportment grade
per section
...
Timothy has 3 or 10
...
57% of students has Very Satisfactory deportment grade, 8 or
28
...
14% has Fairly Satisfactory
deportment grade
...
Titus has 1 or 5 % of students has Outstanding deportment
grade, 6 or 30% of students has Very Satisfactory deportment grade, 12 or 60%
of students has Satisfactory deportment grade and 1 or 5 % of students has Fairly
Satisfactory deportment grade
...
Barnabas has no students with Outstanding
deportment grade, 17 or 65
...
62% has Satisfactory deportment grade and none of them had
Fairly Satisfactory deportment grade
...
Stephen has no students with
Outstanding deportment grade, 21 or 75% of students has Very Satisfactory
deportment, 7 or 25% of students has Satisfactory deportment and none students
had Fairly Satisfactory deportment
...

Table 6
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Deportment Level in terms
of Role Model

Role
Model
Same
Gender
Role
Model
Opposite
Gender
Role
Model
Both
Gender
Role
Model
No Role
Model
Total

Outstanding

Very
Fairly
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory

Did Not Meet
Expectation

f

f

%

f

%

f

%

f

%

3 75%

25

40
...
35
%

0

0
...
00%

1 25%

19

31
...
35%

2

66
...
00%

0 0
...
95%

10

29
...
33
%

0

0
...
00%

3

4
...
88%

0

0
...
00%

4 100%

61

100%

34

100%

3

100%

0

0
...

7
...
79 % has Very Satisfactory deportment grade, 28
...
For the students with Opposite Gender Role
Model, 3
...
58% received
very satisfactory deportment, 33
...
06% has fairly satisfactory deportment grade and none of them obtained
Did Not Meet Expectation deportment grade
...
For students with No Role
Model, none of the students has Outstanding deportment grade, 60% of the
students has Very Satisfactory deportment grade, 40% of the students has
Satisfactory deportment grade, while none of them has Fairly Satisfactory and Did
Not Meet Expectation deportment grade
...
21
Opposite Gender Role Model (33) 84
...
6
No Role Model (5)
85
...
21,
84
...
6 for Both Gender Role Model, while 85
...

Table 8
One Way ANOVA Single Factor: Effects of Role Model to the Behavior
ANOVA
Source of
SS
Variation
Between
Groups
3
...
34
Total

13597
...
23935 0
...
999989
3398
...
591382

7

The computed F-value is 0
...
591382 and the P-value is 0
...
05
...
There is no significant difference with
the behavior of the students in terms of role model
...
The focus of the study was to identify the effects of
role model to the behavior of the Grade 11 students of SPCB
...
Paul
College of Bocaue, school year 2019 – 2020, according to their role model and
how their role model affects their behavior
...
The Theory on
Social Learning serves as a foundation for Observational Learning Theory which
states that people learn through observation
...
Kelley’s Covariation Model states that through multiple
observations, a behavior can be explained
...
The literatures came from different sources like
online article, past researchers, thesis and books
...
In
addition, the literatures gathered was used for future reference for the future
researchers
...
Chris Fraley entitled Experience in
Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-RS)
...
Y
...
The researchers
stayed with the respondents all throughout the answering process to guide in case
of any clarifications
...
For confidentiality purpose,
the name was optional and only the class number was given
...
One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for testing the
hypothesis
...

In terms of role model, 39 or 38
...
35% out of the sample size have the opposite
gender role model
...
51% out of the sample size have both
gender role models
...
90% out of the sample size who
does not have a role model
...
92% out of 102 respondents have
Outstanding deportment level
...
84% out of the sample size have
Very Satisfactory deportment level
...
29% out of the sample
size have Satisfactory deportment level
...
94% out of the
sample size have Fairly Satisfactory level
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

39

Problem 2: What is the deportment level of the students in terms of role
model?
3 out of 4 or 75% of the students who got Outstanding deportment level
have Same Gender Role Model
...

25 out of 61 or 40
...
19 out of 61 or 31
...
14 out of 61 or 22
...
3 out of 61 or 4
...

11 out of 34 or 32
...
11 out of 34 or 32
...
10 out of 34
or 29
...
2 out of 34 or 5
...

None of the students with the Same Gender Role Model got a Fairly
Satisfactory deportment level
...
67% of the students who got Fairly
Satisfactory deportment level have the Opposite Gender Role Model
...
33% of the students who got Fairly Satisfactory deportment level

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

40

have the Both Gender Role Model
...
None of the students in any role model type
got the Did Not Meet Expectation deportment level
...
000365 lesser than the F-crit value 6
...
999989 greater than the significance level of 0
...
There is no significant difference on the behavior of
the students in terms of having role model
...

Discussion:
This was supported by an article written by Mike Klumpp in 2019 that a person
can relate to his/her role model more if they are of the same gender rather than
the opposite because of their relativity to the same gender’s experiences
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

41

Conclusion 2: The least prominent type of role model in Grade 11 Students
is No Role Model
...
Also,
people blindly follow their role models and may imitate the negative aspects
...

Conclusion 3: There is no significant difference with the behavior of the
Grade 11 Students in terms of role model
...
This
was proved in table 9 which reveals that there is no significant difference in the
student’s behavior in terms of role model
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

42

Recommendations:
The researchers would like to recommend to the students, parents, and
future researchers to explore other factors that could also affect a child's behavior
aside from role modeling
...
They should
further investigate on other variables and what influenced their children’s behavior
most
...
In addition, future researchers that will use this study for
future reference may consider other classification of role models to know what
affects the children more
...
& Lerner, R
...
(2008)
...
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
...
(2015)
...

Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America: SAGE Publications Ltd
...
, Honey, P
...
, & Symbaluk, D
...
Introduction to Learning
and Behavior
...

Online Source
Klumpp, M
...
d)
...
Retrieved
September 17, 2019, from https://www
...
ca/content/the-valueof-same-gender-role-models
...
(2010, November 14)
...
psychologytoday
...
(2018, April 23)
...

Retrieved September 18, 2019, from
https://www
...
com/article/110276-importance-parents-rolemodels/

The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

44

Wise, R
...
How Do Positive Role Models Affect Our
Youth and Communities?
...
com/assess-the-value-of-positive-role-models-onones-behavior/
...
(2018)
...
Retrieved September
18, 2019, from https://www
...
com/news/1435581
...
(n
...
What is a Role Model? Five Qualities that Matter
to Youth
...
rootsofaction
...


Farnsworth, B
...
Human Behavior: The Complete Pocket Guide
...
com/blog/humanbehavior/
...
(2011)
...
Retrieved September
20, 2019, from 10
...

Suleajmanovic, D
...
Why father is so important: The role of the
attachment with the father in the development of prosocial behavior
...
researchgate
...


The Effects of Role Model to the Behavior of the Grade 11 Students of SPCB

45

Parul, P
...
Do you believe in having a role model in life?
e
...
/Do-you-believe-in-having-arole-model-in-life
...
(2015, October 21)
...
Retrieved February 19, 2019, from
https://www
...
com/articles/influence-of-negative-and-positiveparenting-on-children_00119750/#gref
...
(2005)
...
San Miguel, Manila:
Centro Escolar University
...
Andrew
...
Choose the best answer
that describes your feeling about close relationship
...
Your survey responses will be strictly confidential
...


1
2
Strongly

3

4

Disagree

5

6
Strongly
Agree

Mother Father
Figure Figure
1 It helps to turn to this person in
times of need
2 I usually discuss my problems
and concerns with this person
3 I talk things over with this person
4 I find it easy to depend on this
person
5 I don't feel comfortable opening
up to this person
6 I prefer not to show this person
how I feel deep down
...


7



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