Notesale: Turn your study into money

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Photosynthesis is the process that produces food in plants and algae
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 Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll
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 Oxygen is also produced as a by-product
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 Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction

LEAF ADAPTATIONS
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Large surface area: to absorb as much sunlight
Thin: short distance for diffusion
Chlorophyll: green pigment in chloroplasts necessary for photosynthesis
Stomata: allows the diffusion of gases into and out of the leaf
Xylem: (plant veins) supply plenty of water to the leaf

Algae
 Algae are small photosynthesis plants you find in water
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 There is only 0
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After this, enzymes needed for
photosynthesis are denatured
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 Plants respire just like us to releases energy
 C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O
 To produce some of these substances they also need to gather a few minerals from the soil
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MAKING CELL WALLS
 Glucose is converted into cellulose for making strong cell walls, especially in rapid growing
plant
 Cellulose: a complex carbohydrate made from glucose to strengthen cell walls
MAKING PROTEINS
 Glucose is combined with nitrate ions (absorbed from the soil) to make amino acids, which are
then made into proteins
 Amino acids: the building block of proteins, made by combining glucose with nitrate ions from
the soil
FATS AND OILS
 Made from glucose, used to strengthen cell walls and as an energy store
 Glucose is turned into lipids (fats and oils) for storing in seeds
 Sunflower seeds, for example, contain a lot of oil – we get cooking oil and margarine from them
STARCH
 Starch is a polymer of glucose (long chain of glucose)
 Glucose is turned into starch and stored in roots, stems, and leaves, ready for use when
photosynthesis isn’t happening, like in winter
 Starch is insoluble which makes it much better for storing than glucose – a cell with lots of
glucose in would draw in loads of water and swell up
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HIGHER TIER ONLY
THE GREENHOUSE
 The glass or plastic building means that the environment is much more controllable
than ordinary garden or field
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 This type of system is known as hydroponics
 These greenhouses are enormous, and conditions are controlled using a computer
software
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GREENHOUSE ECONOMICS
 Electricity and gas are used to maintain the lighting and temperatures and to control
the carbon dioxide levels
 Expensive monitoring equipment and computers are needed to maintain the
conditions inside the greenhouse within narrow boundaries and alarms are vital if
things go wrong
 On the other hand, less staff is needed, the time for seed to harvest is much shorter
and the final crop is larger and cleaner

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