Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Chapter 2
2 general categories of measurements
Performance outcome
measures



The result / outcome of
performing a motor skill
...


Performance production
measures

The brain/body produced the
outcome
...
How nervous system is
functioning

Response time

The time signal involving both reaction time
and movement time
...


Reaction time

A common measure indicate how long it
takes a person to prepare and initiate a
movement
...





2 component of fractionated
reaction time

EMG recording will indicate the time at
which the muscle shows increased
activity after the stimulus signal has
occurred
...
Consider as
indicator of perceptual and cognitive decision
making activity
...
Also consider
as indicates a time lag in the muscle that it
needs in order to overcome the inertia of the limb
after the muscle receives the command to
contract
...
Ex
...


Consistency problem: the basic movement pattern
needed to perform the skill has not been acquired

bias problem: acquired the moment pattern but is having
difficulties adapting to the specific demands of the
performance situation


ASSESSING ERROR FOR ONRDIMENSION MOVEMENT GOALS

Absolute error

the difference between the
actual performance on each
repetition and the goal

Constant error

The signed (+/-) deviation from
the goal

Assessing error for two dimension
movement goals


radial error: the general accuracy measure for
the two dimension situation

Assessing errors for continuous skills

Root mean squared error (RMSE) : determine
how accurately the subject tracked the specific
pathway
...


Kinetics

Refers to force as a cause of motion

Kinematic

The description of motion without
regard to force or mass

Displacement

The change in the
spatial position of a
limb or joint during
movement
...


Muscle activity measures
Whole muscle
mechanomyography
(wMMG)

Near infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS)

Detects and measures the
lateral displacement of a
muscle’s belly following
maximal percutaneous
neuromuscular stimulation


Electromyography (EMG)

Recording of the electrical
activity of a muscle or group of
muscles
...



Determines the level of
oxygenation in the muscle

Brain activity measure

Commonly used by motor learning and control
researchers
...
Blood flow
...


fMRI

Assess changes in blood
flow by detecting blood
oxygenation characteristic
while performing a skill

MEG

Asses magnetic
fields created by
neuronal activity in
the brain

TMS

Assess brain activity
that is targeted
directly at
determining motor
activity



---