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C Plus Plus Complete Reference Guide Quick Notes

// I am single line comments
/* I am multi line comment */
Points to be noted:
1
...


All keyword starting from small letters

3
...

Whole Number:
int

4 bytes

short

2 bytes

long

8 bytes

Real Number:
float

4 bytes

double 8 bytes
char/ string :
char 1 byte
string “Ali” 3+1 // 3 character bytes + 1 null byte

bool 1 bit true/ false

Hafiz Muhammad Umar Hayat

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Variable: A thing which holds the data is called variable
...


Data type

2
...


Name

4
...
50;
char c='a';
string s="Umar";

Operator: 3 types
1
...


Relational Operators: returns true or false only

<,>,<=,>=,==
3
...
If /else
if( //condition)
{
}
else{
}
//2 switch statement
Switch(//variable or expression)
{
case 1:
break;
case 2:
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
}

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Loop: loops structures are used for repetition
Types:
//1
...
Do while
do{
} while(//condition);
//for loop
For(int i=0; i<=10;i++)
{
}

Array: A collection of elements which has same data type is called an array
...

The name of an array is a constant pointer which always points to the first element of that array
...
Declaration: declare name of function
//2
...
Calling a function: use a function

Types: 2 types
1
...


A function returns nothing use void as return type

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Example:
//creating a function to add two numbers
//declare a function
int add(int a,int b);
//define an add function
int add(int a,int b)
{
return a+b; //returning the value
}
//calling
add(4,5);
Example 2: setting the value from void function
//declare a function
void setValue(int );

void setValue(int t )
{
total=t;
}

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Function overloading:
Ability of a function to perform more than one functionality
To do that we have 2 options
1
...
change number of parameters

int myFunction(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;//add 2 numbers
}
float myFunction(float a,float b)
{
return a*b;//multiply 2 numbers
}
int myFunction(int a)
{
return -a;//return negation of a
}
int main(){
int a=10;int b=20;
flaot f=2
...
45;
cout<cout<cout<return 0;
}
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Templates:
Templates are used to provide the same functionality on different data types
...
50; float d=34
...
";
} else {
throw (age);
}
}
catch (int myNum) {
cout << "Access denied - You must be at least 18 years old
...
name = "umar";
p
...
name << endl;
cout << "Person age: " << p
...
setSalary(50000);
cout << myObj
...
honk();
cout << myCar
...
model;
return 0;
}

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Polymorphism:
//create a parent or Base class
class Animal {
public:
void animalSound() {
cout << "The animal makes a sound \n" ;
}
};
// Derived class
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void animalSound() {
cout << "The dog says: bow wow \n" ;
}
};
// Derived class
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
void animalSound() {
cout << "The cat says: miaoon miaoon \n" ;
}
};

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int main()
{
Animal myAnimal;
Cat cat;
Dog dog;

myAnimal
...
animalSound();
dog
...
txt");

// Write to the file
MyFile << "Hi! I am creating a file using c++";

// Close the file
MyFile
...
txt");

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// Use a while loop together with the getline() function to read the file line by line
while (getline (MyReadFile, myText))
{
// Output the text from the file
cout << myText;
}

// Close the file
MyReadFile
...

enum enum_name{const1, const2,

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Title: C++ Complete reference Quick Start for begineers
Description: This document consists of usefull c++ resources for beginners.

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