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Development since Holmes (Translation)
The surge in translation studies since Holmes has seen different areas of the map come to the
fore
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The linguistics-oriented ‘science’
of translation has continued strongly in Germany, but the concept of equivalence associated with
it has been questioned and reconceived
...
The Hallidayan influence of discourse analysis and systemic
functional grammar, which views language as a communicative act in a sociocultural context,
came to prominence in the early 1990s, especially in Australia and the UK
...
The late 1970s and the 1980s
also saw the rise of a descriptive approach that had its origins in comparative literature and
Russian Formalism
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The polysystemists worked with a Belgium-based group including José Lambert and the late
André Lefevere (who subsequently moved to the University of Austin, Texas), and with the UKbased scholars Susan Bassnett and Theo Hermans
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Bassnett and Lefevere’s volume Translation, History and Culture (1990) then introduced the term
‘cultural turn’
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The 1990s saw the incorporation of new approaches and concepts:
Canadian-based translation and gender research led by Sherry Simon, the Brazilian Cannibalist
School promoted by Else Vieira, and postcolonial translation theory with the prominent figures of
the Bengali scholars Tejaswini Niranjana and Gayatri Spivak
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Developments continued at an ever-increasing pace in the new millennium, with special interest
devoted to, for example, translation, globalization and resistance (Cronin 2003, Baker 2006, Boéri
and Maier 2010, Marais 2014), the sociology and historiography of translation (e
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Inghilleri 2005a,
Wolf and Fukari 2007, Rundle 2014, Vorderobermeier 2014) and process-oriented research (e
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O’Brien 2011)
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These new areas include machine and automatic translation,
audiovisual and multimodal translation, localization and corpus-based translation studies
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g
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