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Title: Calcium balance in body
Description: Pharmacology notes regarding Agents responsible for balancing calcium in our body
Description: Pharmacology notes regarding Agents responsible for balancing calcium in our body
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Hormones and Drugs
Affecting Calcium Balance
CALCIUM
After C, 0 , H and N , calcium is the most abundant body constituent, making up about 2% of body weight, or 11
...
About 98% of this is stored in bone and teeth, the rest being distributed in plasma and all
tissues and cells
...
Physiological roles
I
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
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Plasma calcium level It is precisely regulated by 3 hormones parathormone (PTH), calcitonin and calcitriol
(active form of vit D)
...
glucocorticoids, sex steroids, thyroid hormone, growth hormone affect
calcium homeostasis
...
Of this about 40% is bound to plasma proteins- chiefly to albumin; I0%
is complexed with citrate, phosphate and carbonate in an undissociable form; the remaining (about 50%)
is ionized and physiologically important
...
Preparations
I
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Calcium citrate (as tctrahydrate, 21 % Ca'·):
3
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5 g and I g tablets and I0% injection (5 ml amp
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Calcium lactate: ( 13% Ca)
5
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Calcium chloride (27% Ca):
Uses
I
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2
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The
dietary allowance recommended by National Institute of Health (1994) is• Children I IO yr : 0
...
2 g
• Young adult 11- 24 yr, pregnant and lactating women : 1
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5 g
• Men 25- 65 yr
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0 g
• Women 51- 65 yr not taking HRT, every one > 65 yr : 1
...
Osteoporosis
4
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gluconate i
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has been used in dermatoses, paresthesias, weakness and other vague
complaints
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As antacid
PARATHYROID HORMONE (Parathormone)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single chain 84 amino acid polypeptide, MW 9500
...
Fall in plasma Ca2+ induces PTH release and rise inhibits
secretion by decreasing cAMP in the parathyroid cells
...
Actions
PTH increases plasma calcium levels by:
1
...
2
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It also promotes phosphate excretion which tends to supplement the hypercalcaemic effect
...
Intestines PTH has no direct effect on calcium absorption but increases it indirectly by enhancing the
formation of calcitriol(active form of vit D) in the kidney
...
4
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This may be responsible for development of
cataract in hypoparathyroidism
...
PTH enhances proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts
and deposition of osteoid as well
...
Hypoparathyroidism Manifestations arc:
Low plasma calcium levels, tetany
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laryngospasm
...
Treatment
Calcium gluconate injection 10 % and oral calcium
For chronic hypoparathyroidism Oral calcium and Vitamin D2
Hyperparathyroidism It is mostly due to parathyroid tumour
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decalcification of
bonc, deformities and fractures, mctastatic calcification, renal stones
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Treatment is surgical removal of the parathyroid tumour
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high phosphate diet with plenty of fluids is advised
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The primary action is to inhibit PTH
secretion and thus decrease plasma levels of PTH, Ca2 and phosphate
...
It is indicated in secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal disease and in patients undergoing longterm dialysis
...
Hypocalcaemia is a risk, and dose has to be adjusted carefully
...
Side effects include dizziness, headache and leg cramps
...
Title: Calcium balance in body
Description: Pharmacology notes regarding Agents responsible for balancing calcium in our body
Description: Pharmacology notes regarding Agents responsible for balancing calcium in our body