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Title: Digestion and Absorption Part II
Description: Digestion and Absorption of Biology simple notes for Class 11 th and Neet aspirants.
Description: Digestion and Absorption of Biology simple notes for Class 11 th and Neet aspirants.
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Histrology of
Alimentary Canal
The wall of alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum is
made up of 4 layer :
1
...
3
...
Serosa
Muscularis
Submucosa
Mucosa
● Serosa :
outermost layer
→ Made up :
1
...
Connective tissue
● Muscularis :
● Outer longitudinal
● Inner circular muscle
fibres
→ An oblique muscle
layer : present in some
region
...
1
...
Blood
3
...
Innermost layer
lining
2
...
Form small fingerlike foldings called
villi
Mucosa
Irregular folds
(Stomach)
Villi
(Small intestine)
↓
Microvilli
(By cells lining villi)
Brush border appearance
→
↑↑ Surface area
Villi
● Network of capillaries
● Large lymph vessel
called Lacteal
1
...
2
...
Crypts in between bases of villi → Intestine (crypts
of Lieberkuhn)
A section of small intestinal mucosa showing villi
Digestive gland
● Salivary glands
● Liver
● Pancreas
Salivary glands
Three pairs of salivary
glands
● Paratids ( cheek)
● Submaxillary / submandibular
(lower jaw)
● Sub linguals (below tongue)
→ Secrete : Saliva
containing water, salts ,
mucin and an enzyme
salivary amylase
...
8
Liver
● Largest gland (1
...
5 kg)
● Just below diaphragm
(abdominal cavity)
● Two lobes :
1
...
Right lobe
● Hepatic lobules ( str
...
Exocrine →secretes
an alkaline pancreatic
juice
● Containing → Enzymes
2
...
➢ Swallowing or deglutition → pharynx →oesophagus
→gastro - oesophageal sphincter ( control passage
of food into stomach)
➢ Peristalsis : Bolus successive waves of muscular
movements
...
➢ Lysozyme → +nt in saliva
acts as an antibacterial
agents that prevents
infections
...
8
Maltose
Gastric glands have 3 major types of cells namely
1
...
Pectic or chief cells (secrets proenzyme pepsinogen)
3
...
Pepsinogen + HCL → Pepsin ( Active proteolytic
enzymes )
★ Pepsin converts proteins into
proteoses and peptones
Title: Digestion and Absorption Part II
Description: Digestion and Absorption of Biology simple notes for Class 11 th and Neet aspirants.
Description: Digestion and Absorption of Biology simple notes for Class 11 th and Neet aspirants.