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UNIT-ELECTROSTATICS
COULOMB’S LAW
#ELECTRIC CHARGE= Electric charge is the property associated
with the matter due to which it produces or experiences the
electrical and magnetic effects
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e
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These names were given to the
charges by Benjamin Franklin in 1750
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”
#ELECTRON THEORY OF ELECTRIFICATION= The modern
explanation of electrification of material is based on the atomic
model
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Each atom consist of
extremely small central heavy portion called Nucleus
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A third
kind of particles revolve around the nucleus in different orbits
called electrons
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In an atom number of electron is equal to
number of protons in nucleus
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When somehow one or more electrons are extracted
from an atom it become positively charged body has deficiency
of electrons in its atoms
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It means a
negatively charged body has excess of electrons in it’s atoms
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”
#COULOMB=Coulomb is the S
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unit of electric charge which is
defined on the basis of ampere which is S
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unit of current
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i
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1C=1A
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It is denoted by ‘e’ and it’s value is
1
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#QUANTISATION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE= When we measure
the total amount of electric charged ona charged body or
particles or ion then it is always found in the integral multiples
of fundamental charge(i
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It means that electric charge can not be divided indefinitely,
this is called Quantisation or Atomicity of electric charge
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n
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It means that
“Electric charge can neither be created nor be destroyed”, this
is known as law of conservation of electric charge
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So the net electric charge on
rod –silk system remains zero before and after rubbing
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#COULOMB’S LAW= According to this law, “Two stationary
point charges placed at some distance attract or repel pon each
other with a force which is directly proportional to their
charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance
between them
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The constant ε(epsilon zero) is called “permittivity of
free space” and it’s value is 8
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If the charges are placed in a medium other than air or vaccum
then the electric force is given as- F=1/4πεk×q1q2/r²
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#COMPARISON BETWEEN GRAVITATIONAL FORCE AND
ELECTRIC FORCE
●SIMILARITIES
1-Both the forces follows inverse square law(Fα1/r²)
2-Both are conservative forces
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●DISSIMILARITIES
1-Gravitational force is always attractive or repulsive
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3-Electric force is much stronger than gravitational force
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#SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE
If a system contains a number of interacting charges than the
net electric force acting on any one charge is equal to the
vector sum of all the electric forces applied by the other
charges on it
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qn than according to the superposition
principle the net force on charge q1 isF1=F₁₂+F₁₃+F₁₄…………
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The continuous charge
distribution are of three types
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λ =q/l C/m
2-SURFACE CHARGE DISTRIBUTION- When the charge (q) is
uniformly distributed over the surface area (A) then the ratio of
total charge to total surface area is called surface charge
density
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e
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i
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ρ =q/V C/m³



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