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Aerosol and Environmental Health

Air Quality Index
Submitted to : Dr Zulfiqar Ali

PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE
Institute of Zoology

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Table of Contents:

Sr
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Headings

Page
no
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The air quality index is an index for
reporting air quality on a daily basis
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The purpose of the AQI is to help people know how the local air quality
impacts their health
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Ground level ozone
Particulate matter
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide

As the impact of air pollutants on human health through ambient air
address much attention in recent years, the air quality forecasting in terms
of air pollution parameters becomes an important topic in environmental
science
...
The present study aims to develop forecasting
model for predicting daily AQI, which can be used as a basis of decision
making processes
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However, the sub-index and breakpoint concentrations in the
formula are made according to EPA Pakistan
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The impetus
was to draw public attention to the issue of air pollution and indirectly push
responsible local public officials to take action to control sources of
pollution and enhance air quality within their jurisdictions
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The initial iteration of the air quality index used standardized ambient
pollutant concentrations to yield individual pollutant indices
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The overall methodology could use concentrations that are taken
from ambient monitoring data or are predicted by means of a diffusion
model
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The resultant
individual pollutant indices are assumed to be equally weighted, although
values other than unity can be used
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While the methodology was designed to be robust, the practical application
for all metropolitan areas proved to be inconsistent due to the paucity of
ambient air quality monitoring data, lack of agreement on weighting
factors, and non-uniformity of air quality standards across geographical
and political boundaries
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Introduction
The Air Quality Index, or AQI, is a system of colors and numbers used to
communicate the air quality in a region
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Likewise,
AQI numbers go from healthiest (0-50) to unhealthiest (300+)
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DEQ uses it to forecast
expected conditions for the day
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Each AQI color has a descriptor statement that
informs the public of any necessary precautions to take
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S
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Ozone and particle pollution are the two most widespread air pollutants of
concern
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The
higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and greater the
health concerns
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AQI quickly
disseminates air quality information in real time
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For
instance, the US uses a 500 point scale, wherein rating between 0-50 is
considered good
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Pakistan too follow 500 point scale
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The EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for each of these pollutants in order to protect public
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health
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The Clean Air Act (USA) (1990) requires the
EPA to review its National Ambient Air Quality Standards every five
years to reflect evolving health effects information
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Air quality index categories:
 Good (0-50): minimal impacts
 Satisfactory (51-100): may cause minor breathing difficulties in
sensitive people
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 Poor (201-300): may cause breathing difficulties in people on
prolonged exposure, and discomfort to people with heart disease
 Very poor(301-400): May cause respiratory illness in people on
prolonged exposure
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 Severe (401-500): May cause respiratory issues in healthy people, and
serious health issues in people with lung/ heart disease
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The air quality index is a piecewise linear function of the pollutant
concentration
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To convert from concentration to
AQI this equation is used:

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The EPA's table of breakpoints is:
O3 (ppb)

O3 (ppb)

PM2
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0–12
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0–4
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1–35
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5–9
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5–55
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5–12
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5–150
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5–15
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5–250
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5–30
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5–350
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5–40
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5–500
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5–50
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Seasonal variations in pollution exist, with the highest levels of air
pollution in the winter (December to March)
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The average AQI for Pakistan is 153
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People with lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and
emphysema
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Children, including teenagers
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Active people of all ages who exercise or work extensively outdoors
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Some healthy people are more sensitive to ozone
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g
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C Fensterstock et al
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69–73, presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of
the Air Pollution Control Administration, June 1969
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airquality
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gov
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Kumar, Anikender, and P
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"Forecasting of daily air quality index
in Delhi
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24 (2011):
5517-5523
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US
EPA
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Archived from the original on 18 June 2018
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David Mintz (February 2009)
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North Carolina: US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
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Retrieved 9 August 2012
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North Carolina: US EPA Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards
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