Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

FUNGAL KINGDOM
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
(endomycorrhizae)
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Chytridiomycota
• Is a mild pathogen, exists in soil
...
Will invade into the plant cells and
their rhizoid will suck it out
...
Differentiates in terms of their spores
...

They are all pathogens but for the most part are decomposers, are heterotrophs
but feeds on the dead (Saprobes)
...
Decomposes by secreting enzymes
to the outside of the cell
...
This is due to the exoenzymes outside of the cell
...
Occurs with all three groups that exist within
the fungal kingdom
...
An Example of this would be black bread mold
(Rhizopus)
...

• The life cycle that occurs, when zygomycota is growing through some
substrate and decomposing, it will form Hyphae and will form 2 mating
types
...
Under ordinary
circumstances, the genetic states are haploid (1n)
...


•
•

•

•

•

The zygote sporangium then develops into a complete spore bearing part
and within that you have 1n spores that are released
...
The black is the colour of the
zygosporangia
...
If they find the right conditions they will grow
...
The best way to control them is to maintain a humidity
lower than 65%
...

There are asexual spores that can be formed in those circumstances as well
and result in successful insemination all over the place
...
In the development of the sporangia spore
structure- occurs very fast
...
The entire
expansion of the sporangiospore that occurs at a very fast rate
...

The pressure inside of the cells that allow it to grow this fast are typically in
the range of 600-800 kPascal which is approx 80-100 psi
...

Another Example within the zygomycota is Pilobolus
...
It’s good because it decomposes shit
...
The Pilobolus is ingested through an animallives in the digestive tract and then passes out through the other end
...
Fungi usually wants to spread its spores out effectively
...

So has carotenoids and the way light refracts through this structure
allows it to point to the light
...

Spore discharge will occur in about 3ms
...
If it wants to send its spores out, the spores are quite small
...
Fungal spores
are so small they just stay in the air and thats why resistance is futile
...
When the spores are sent out their acceleration
speed is beyond belief
...

• Entomophthora muscae (fly)
...

The fungi is able to get inside the fly and will feed on the insides of the fly
...
If it does
so, it needs to eat and be happy
...
What is does is (not specific to this group) is that it
releases neurotransmitter
...
Alive even though it’s been eaten on
the inside such that it climbs up the wall and has to get up high and then
high along the wall the Entomophthora breaks out of the chitin
exoskeleton and discharges the spores around the fly
...

• Relatedness between the 2 groups Zygomycota and the Ascomycota is the
edomycorrhizea
...
They can invade the plants and eat the carbohydrates inside the
plant and provide nutrients to the plant in a beneficial way
...
The
mycelial network in the soil allows it to provide water to the root and
allows maximal photosynthesis by the plant
...
In a lot of plants its crucial
for the maximal growth of the plant because it needs that water and
phosphorus to grow
...
Some of that radioactive form will go from the
top of the plant through the root and to the mycelial structures
...
Have a network of communication from one plant to the other by
the mycelial network created by the edomycorrhizea
...

Ascomycota
• Based upon the sexual spores that exist within ascii
...
Inside is a linear array that holds the spores in placeknown as the ascii
...


• In the ascus development, get multiple nuclei present in the hyphae of a
certain mating type
...
What you do get is a karyotemy occurring within the two
...
they don;t fuse they just co-exist together and is then known
as a heterokaryon where 2 different mating types just exist together
...
you
then get meiosis happening - then an additional division and eventually
form the ascii

---