Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

The Life of a Plant
• Reproductive Biology
-sex chromosomes
• Developmental Biology
-embryogenesis
-seed biology
Dioecious
male and female —> on different individuals
Bisexual
Male and female on same plant
• hermaphrodite
• monoecious

• Figure 10
...

• Sporopollenin protects pollen and is very durable and indigestible - can
survive for tens of thousands of years
...

• Peat represents bog moss
...
10,000 years ago pollen, spruce
forms later on
...
Easier on the short styled
plants than on the longer styled plants
...


• Humans always outcross due to male and female organs and therefore we are
dioecious- males and females on different individuals
• The reason why we have two different sexual individuals is based upon the
fact that we have sex chromosomes
...

In humans - females have XX chromosomes and males have XY chromosome
...

The way that sex chromosomes operate makes it impossible to have sex with
ourselves
...
What typically
happens in regards to kinds of things that exist in plants- Hermaphrodite
is when plants are both male and female and have flowers that have male
and female on the same flower and are known as perfect flowers [92%quite high]
...

Monoecious- on the same plant can have male flowers and female flowers
[6%]- 92 vs 6 on the same plant
...
Within the dioecious
population is where you’ll see sex chromosomes
...
Look at ancient origins of mammalians and
insect sex chromosomes
...
In Silene the appearance of male
and female sex chromosomes is due to the appearance
of genetic degeneration on different individuals [degenerate
homologue in the non pairing region of the Y chromosome]
...
Have 2 [male and
female] together compared to just being either male or female
...
Cellular divisions the results in the formation of a polar
division occurring after the formation of the diploid
...

• Octant cell anticipates the final form of the embryo- because the outer cells

will result in the dermis or epidermis of the plant (protoderm)- the internal
cells will continue to develop into the body of the plant
...
Over time this will
result in the final form of the plant after more and more cellular divisions
have taken place, still maintaining the outer dermis and internal body of
the cell [globular form]
...

• In the mature form of the embryo, there are two forms that occur
...
The first thing the juvenile leaves ned to do is
engage in photosynthesis which is essential for survival
...
Finally you then see the formation of a mature embryo taking
place
...

• Hypocotyl- stem below the cotyledons
...

Mutants are given names based on german components
...
They have the same
developmental patterns occurring that control the genetic process of
embryogenesis
...
Example in a fruit-fly can result in legs instead of wings etc
...




---