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Name of the Teacher

Date

Level of the class

Length of lesson

Pre-intermediate

60 minutes

Lesson Type: Grammar lesson

Lesson Topic: Articles: ‘A’, ‘An’, and ‘The’

Lesson Aims:
Lesson Outcomes:
By the end of the lesson, students will be better able to identify By the end of the lesson, students will have understood what
articles are, recognised their correct uses, and practised how to use
articles and use them correctly in a sentence
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Example sentence: Yesterday, I saw an elephant at the zoo
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Students may face bullying due to being from a different
nationality
...
Students may also sit and partner themselves up according to
their nationality and (or) home language
...
Keeping the students focused and concentrated for the
duration of the lesson
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4
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5
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Suggested solutions:
1
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These will also be presented in a large poster that will hang
on one of the walls in the class
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2
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This way, the class is shuffled up
to encourage interaction between everyone
...

3
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The teacher will
also make sure to monitor the energy in the classroom so
that she may be able to help students keep excited
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When dealing with group activities, I will ensure that the
activities will require each group member to participate
...

5
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2 i-to-i LOVE TEFL Lesson Plan

Target l
anguage analysis:
1
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The definite article (the) is
used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader
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• ‘A’ is used when the noun begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, or z)
• ‘A’ is also used before words that start with a vowel, but the vowel sounds like a consonant
...

• ‘An’ is also used before words in which a consonant letter is mute or silent, and the word starts with a
vowel sound
...

• The zero article is used when we refer to plural nouns that are either unspecified or in general
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In which context are you introducing the The language will be introduced in the context of short stories
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The stories will also help keep the students excited and curious
enough to keep them interested in the lesson
...
Which concept checking questions will
you ask to ensure students understand
the meaning?

Students will be provided with worksheets to ensure they understand the meaning and use of each article
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- This is ___ elephant
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- That is ___ sky
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- This is ___ umbrella
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What is the form of the target language? Articles, like other determiners, go at the beginning of a noun phrase
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The indefinite article is the only article that changes form (a or an)
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We use “an”, instead
of “a”, for words that begin with a vowel sound
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Words beginning with “u” may or may not take “an” as many of these will be pronounced with a /j/
at the beginning
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5
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But a common plural
noun does not require an article always
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Example: I saw a snake
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Words beginning
with consonant sounds precede ‘a’ and words beginning with vowel sounds precede ‘an’
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Proper nouns generally do not take
any articles, but when a proper noun needs to be used as a common noun, you must bring ‘a’ or
‘an’ for it
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(Here, ‘Shakespeare’ does not refer to the actual person
but someone like him
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Example: I earned a thousand dollars in that job
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Example:
He is a good boy
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but in
the case of many, a or an - comes after
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USING DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE Rule
1:
‘The’ is used to indicate a particular person(s) or thing(s) in the case of common nouns
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Example: The man is running
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Example: The dog is a faithful animal
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)
Rule 3:
To particularise a non-count noun, ‘the’ is required before it
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Rule 4:
‘The’ is mandatory before a thing which is only one of a kind in the universe
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6 i-to-i LOVE TEFL Lesson Plan

Use of ‘the’ before geographical places : Rule
5:
Using ‘the’ with geographical nouns generally depends on the size and plurality of the things those
nouns refer to
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So, it’s better to know
those exceptions first
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);
Names of sports; Names of discipline/subject of studies
6
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In other cases, they may be joined (catenated)
with other words
...
g
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Example:
Show pictures of 3 different sports –
football (team), tennis (one vs one),
marathon running (individual)
Ask students to discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each type of sport

Example:
Students will identify the lesson topic
Learners will use their previous
knowledge to make links to the topic

The class will be divided into three
teams, Team A, Team B and Team C
...

Team A will then be asked to give
words that take the article ‘a’ before
them
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Team C will give words that the
article ‘the’ before them
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Students will be tested on their
knowledge of articles in a fun and
interactive manner through the
selected activity
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8 i-to-i LOVE TEFL Lesson Plan

Test

Students are given a 10 minutes S-S
task to do without
the teacher’s help
...


Students will be given a short story
worksheet to complete
...
Once complete, the teacher will
go around the classroom picking
volunteers to read their answers out
loud
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Based on their
answers, I will be able to clearly identify
areas of confusion and uncertainty
when it comes to selecting and using
the correct articles
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The teacher will first review the last
task
...
The teacher will
then explain what was missing in the
story and what articles are
...

This will be done for every answer on
the worksheet, with some repetition as
I will be explaining why the specific
article is appropriate for that blank
space
...

The teacher will then go on to give the
meaning of articles, their uses and
when they should be omitted
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Students will be presented with the
meaning and the function of the
articles
...

e
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, ‘an’ is used before the words that
start with a consonant letter, but the
consonant letter is not spoken; it is
silent or mute
...
Article ‘a’ is also
used before the words that start with a
vowel letter, but the vowel sounds like a
consonant
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Lastly, students will also be taught
when NOT to use an article
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Students will be asked to
repeat after me so they may feel how
each article should sound when used
correctly
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Based on their responses, we will move
on to then choosing the appropriate
article based on their new knowledge of
the different sounds
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Students will then be presented with a
few flashcards
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Test

Students are now 15 minutes S-S
equipped with all the
information
they
need to complete a
task like the one they
completed during the
first testing session
...
This time, the
worksheet will be a bit longer than the
first
...

This will be completed without the aid
of the chart in the “teach” section
...
While
reading the story in this worksheet,
they will be forced to think more
carefully about whether or not the
article sounds right when placed before
a particular word and whether or not
the whole sentence sounds correct with
the article(s) they have placed
...


T-S

The teacher will split the class into three Students will be able to share examples
teams again
...
They will also
say three sentences that contain at be able to expand their understanding by
least one article
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points in addition to their previously
obtained scores
...
This lesson has also
been designed to provide a comfortable learning environment for the learner, where communicating with one another and engaging with the teacher
is a top priority
...
The warmer also provides additional time for
latecomers to arrive without disrupting the class or the educational schedule
...

The warmer task was deemed suitable for this age group as it is interactive and fast-paced
...

METHOD
- The Test, Teach, Test (TTT) model was chosen to structure the lesson because of the grammar type that the learners will be presented with
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The worksheet presented would help the teacher understand the student’s needs and point out to learners
how they may or may not be able to use articles
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As such, the teacher will be able to
use this to her advantage in the teaching stage while reviving the answers from the worksheet
...

This will help the teacher use the student’s own reasoning to better explain the grammar to them
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This time, the learners will be
given a slightly longer task
...
The cooler will ask students to form three of their own
sentences, making sure to include at least one article in each sentence
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This will also
allow the teacher to check on the progress of each student
...

ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS:
1
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g
...
g
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Although the teacher would try to teach as many of the rules to the learners, the focus will be placed on the most general and basic rules during this lesson
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Because of the nature of the grammar lesson, it is possible to keep teaching and testing learners on the uses and understanding of articles in future lessons
as well
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This will be
done through drilling
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Other considerations: The teacher considered using specific context in the form of nouns (e
...
, names of things found in nature)
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As such, by reading through the stories, they will need to figure out on their own what each sentence is missing
...
This way was also deemed the most suitable as the learners
are of a young age
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(n
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Learn English
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learngrammar
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(2022, June 21)
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Retrieved from One Stop English: https://www
...
com/lesson-share-funwitharticles/556267
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(2020, July 28)
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Retrieved from Infame Story: https://www
...
website/2020/07/short-stories-with-moral_28
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Every day, he observed incidents that occurred around him
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Today, he saw ___ young girl shouting at her mother
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As the days went on, he spoke less but heard more
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He heard ___ woman saying ___ elephant jumped over ___ fence
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___ old owl had seen and heard what happened to people
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But the old owl in ___ tree had
become wiser each and every day
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They head down to t he local pet store and have ___ look around
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___ owner of ___ shop is ___ nice old man named Mr Smith
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“How can I help you?” he asks
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“Ah, well, we are not ___ big pet shop,” Mr Smith tells her
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”
They ask Mr Smith to show them ___ dogs
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One of them is ___ very big bulldog named Buster
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April wants Teacup
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They walk outside to discuss
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April suggests they race home for it
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Cody agrees and then tells April her shoelace is untied
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Cody runs as hard as he can
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He looks back
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Cody finally gets home
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He knows he is the winner
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She congratulates him
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However, when they arrive, they only see Teacup ___ chihuahua
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Mr Smith gives the details
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Cody looks at April, and she holds back ___ smile
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He turns back to Mr Smith
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“We’ll take ____ chihuahua, please

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